Trapezoidal rib mounting bracket with flexible legs

ABSTRACT

A mounting bracket ( 320 ) for trapezoidal rib profiles is disclosed. This mounting bracket ( 320 ) includes an upper section ( 330 ) and a lower section ( 350 ). A first leg ( 352   a ) in a second leg ( 352   b ) extend from a lower portion of the upper section ( 330 ) in diverging relation to one another. Each of these legs ( 352   a,    352   b ) is deflectable through a certain range of motion to accommodate installation of the mounting bracket ( 320 ) on a variety of different trapezoidal rib profiles.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This patent application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional PatentApplication Ser. No. 62/368,831, entitled “TRAPEZOIDAL RIB MOUNTINGBRACKET WITH FLEXIBLE LEGS,” filed on Jul. 29, 2016, and the entiredisclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention generally relates to installing structures on abuilding surface and, more particularly, to a mounting bracket for usewith trapezoidal rib panels.

BACKGROUND

Metal panels are being increasingly used to define building surfacessuch as roofs and sidewalls. One type of metal panel is a standing seampanel, where the edges of adjacent standing seam panels of the buildingsurface are interconnected in a manner that defines a standing seam.Standing seam panels are expensive compared to other metal panels, andbuilding surfaces defined by metal panels may be more costly than othertypes of building surface constructions.

It is often desirable to install various types of structures on buildingsurfaces, such as heating, air conditioning, and ventilation equipment.Installing structures on standing seam panel building surfaces in amanner that punctures the building surface at one or more locations isundesirable in a number of respects. One is simply the desire to avoidpuncturing what is a relatively expensive building surface. Another isthat puncturing a metal panel building surface can present leakage andcorrosion issues.

Photovoltaic or solar cells have existed for some time, and have beeninstalled on various building roofs. A photovoltaic cell is typicallyincorporated into a perimeter frame of an appropriate material (e.g.,aluminum) to define a photovoltaic module or solar cell module. Multiplephotovoltaic modules may be installed in one or more rows (e.g., astring) on a roofing surface to define an array.

FIG. 1 illustrates one prior art approach that has been utilized tomount a solar cell module to a standing seam. A mounting assembly 10includes a mounting device 74, a bolt 14, and a clamping member 142.Generally, the mounting device 74 includes a slot 90 that receives atleast an upper portion of a standing seam 42. A seam fastener 106 isdirected through the mounting device 74 and into the slot 90 to forciblyretain the standing seam 42 therein. This then mounts the mountingdevice 74 to the standing seam 42.

A threaded shaft 22 of the bolt 14 from the mounting assembly 10 passesthrough an unthreaded hole in a base 154 of a clamping member 142, andinto a threaded hole 98 on an upper surface 78 of the mounting device74. This then mounts the clamping member 142 to the mounting device 74.The clamping member 142 is used to interconnect a pair of differentsolar cell module frames 62 with the mounting assembly 10. In thisregard, the clamping member 142 includes a pair of clamping legs 146,where each clamping leg 146 includes an engagement section 152 that isspaced from the upper surface 78 of the mounting device 74. The bolt 14may be threaded into the mounting device 74 to engage a head 18 of thebolt with the base 154 of the clamping member 142. Increasing the degreeof threaded engagement between the bolt 14 and the mounting device 74causes the engagement sections 152 of the clamping legs 146 to engagethe corresponding solar cell module frame 62 and force the same againstthe upper surface 78 of the mounting device 74.

SUMMARY

The present invention is generally directed to a mounting bracket fortrapezoidal rib profiles. This mounting bracket includes a pair of legsthat are disposed on opposite sides of a trapezoidal rib in theinstalled configuration. Each of these legs is flexible through at leasta certain range of motion to allow the mounting bracket to be installedon a number of different trapezoidal rib profiles (having a differentconfiguration and/or size for the individual trapezoidal ribs). Thismounting bracket may be described herein with regard to an x-y-zcoordinate system, where: 1) the “z” dimension corresponds with thelongitudinal or length dimension for the mounting bracket, and that willtypically coincide with the pitch of a roofing surface when the mountingbracket is in an installed configuration; 2) the “x” dimensioncorresponds with a lateral dimension for the mounting bracket, with theabove-noted pair of legs being spaced from one another in the lateral or“x” dimension; and 3) the “y” dimension corresponds with a heightdimension for the mounting bracket, or the “vertical extent” of themounting bracket when disposed in an upright position on a horizontalsupporting surface (including where free ends of the above-noted legsare disposed on such a horizontal supporting surface and where an upperwall of the mounting bracket would then be vertically spaced from thefree ends of these legs).

A first aspect of the present invention is embodied by mounting bracketfor trapezoidal rib panels that includes an upper section, a lowersection, a rib receptacle, and first and second open bracket ends. Theupper section includes an upper wall, which in turn may include apredefined mounting aperture (e.g., an unthreaded hole; an unthreadedmounting slot that extends in the length or “z” dimension for themounting bracket). The lower section adjoins and extends below the uppersection when the mounting bracket is disposed in an uprightconfiguration. This lower section includes first and second legs thateach extend away (downwardly when the mounting bracket is in an uprightposition) from the upper section in diverging relation to one another.The first leg is flexibly deflectable at least 2° relative to the secondleg (and in at least one direction) to change the spacing between thefirst and second legs, while the second leg is also flexibly deflectableat least 2° relative to the first leg (and in at least one direction) tochange the spacing between the first and second legs. The first andsecond open bracket ends are spaced from one another along the length or“z” dimension for the mounting bracket, and the rib receptacle extendsbetween the first and second open bracket ends and also extends betweenthe first and second legs.

A number of feature refinements and additional features are separatelyapplicable to the first aspect of the present invention. These featurerefinements and additional features may be used individually or in anycombination in relation to the first aspect. The mounting bracket may beformed from any appropriate material or combination of materials. Oneembodiment has the mounting bracket being of one-piece construction(e.g., multiple components are not separately attached to define themounting bracket; the mounting bracket does not include any jointsbetween adjacent portions thereof). One embodiment has the mountingbracket being in the form of an extrusion.

The first leg may be flexibly deflectable up to about 5° relative to thesecond leg (and in at least one direction) to change the spacing betweenthe first and second legs. The second leg may be flexibly deflectable atleast 5° relative to the first leg (and in at least one direction) tochange the spacing between the first and second legs. One embodiment haseach of the first and second legs being flexibly deflectable through arange of motion of 2°-5° in at least one direction.

The deflection of first and second legs may be characterized relative tofirst and second positions, respectively. From the same first positionand for one embodiment: 1) the first leg may be flexibly deflectable atleast 2° away from the second leg; and 2) the first leg may also beflexibly deflectable at least 2° toward the second leg. From the samesecond position and for one embodiment: 1) the second leg may beflexibly deflectable at least 2° away from the first leg; and 2) thesecond leg may also be flexibly deflectable at least 2° toward the firstleg. One embodiment has the first leg being flexibly deflectable up toabout 5° from a first position in a direction that is away from thesecond leg, and the first leg also being flexibly deflectable up toabout 5° from this same first position in a direction that is toward thesecond leg (e.g., the first leg may flexibly deflect through a range ofmotion from 2° to 5° in each of two different directions that areopposite of one another for an embodiment of the present invention). Oneembodiment has the second leg being flexibly deflectable up to about 5°from a second position in a direction that is away from the first leg,and the second leg also being flexibly deflectable up to about 5° fromthis same second position in a direction that is toward the first leg(e.g., the second leg may flexibly deflect through a range of motionfrom 2° to 5° in each of two different directions that are opposite ofone another for an embodiment of the present invention).

The above-noted first and second positions for the first and secondlegs, respectively, are subject to a number of characterizations. One isthat the first position is an unbiased position for the first leg andthat the second position is an unbiased position for the second leg.Another is that the first position is a neutral position for the firstleg and the second position is a neutral position for the second leg.Yet another is that the first position corresponds to the position forthe first leg when it is not subjected to an external force, and thatthe second position corresponds to the position for the second leg whenit is not subjected to an external force. The “flexible deflection” ofthe first and second legs may be characterized as an elastic deflectionrelative to the upper section of the mounting bracket. Based upon suchan elastic deflection, once the associated force is removed the firstleg should attempt to return at least toward its first position(including being able to reach the first position), and once theassociated force is removed the second leg should attempt to return atleast toward its second position (including being able to reach thesecond position).

The flexured movement of the first and second legs to accommodateinstallation of the mounting bracket on different trapezoidal ribprofiles is subject to a number of characterizations. One is that thefirst leg flexes at least generally about a first reference axis (e.g.,via a pivotal or pivotal-like motion), and the second leg flexes atleast generally about a second reference axis that is parallel to thisfirst reference axis (e.g., via a pivotal or pivotal-like motion), wherethe first and second reference axes are parallel to the length or “z”dimension for the mounting bracket and where the first and secondreference axes are spaced from one another in the lateral or “x”dimension for the mounting bracket. The first reference axis and thesecond reference axis may be disposed at a common elevation when themounting bracket is in an upright position on a horizontal supportingsurface. The first leg may also be characterized as flexing at leastgenerally about an intersection between the first leg and the uppersection of the mounting bracket, while the second leg may becharacterized as flexing at least generally about an intersectionbetween the second leg and the upper section of the mounting bracket.

The upper section of the mounting bracket may include multiple sections.A first section for the upper section may include the upper wall and maybe of a first width (measured in the lateral or “x” dimension for themounting bracket). A second section for the upper section may bepositioned somewhere below the first section (when the mounting bracketis in an upright position on a horizontal supporting surface), may be ofa second width (measured in the lateral or “x” dimension for themounting bracket) that is larger than the first width, may be defined bya pair of sidewalls that are disposed in parallel relation (that arespaced in the lateral or “x” dimension for the mounting bracket), mayhave a height (measured in the “y” dimension for the mounting bracket)of at least about 0.75″, or any combination thereof. A receptacle may belocated somewhere between the upper wall and the noted second section(in the “y” dimension for the mounting bracket), where this receptacleis at least partially separated from the second section (e.g., by aleast one rib offsetting member—discussed below) and accommodatesreceipt of a nut, bolt head, or the like. Having the noted secondsection with a height of at least 0.75″ (in the “y” dimension for themounting bracket) provides a suitable space for wire management (e.g.,such that PV module wire, cables or the like may be directed completelythrough the second section (from one open bracket end to the oppositeopen bracket end) for the case of a photovoltaic module installation).Such a second section for the upper section may also be used to disposeone or more photovoltaic modules in a desired spacing to an underlyingroofing surface.

The mounting bracket may include at least one rib offsetting member andwhich may be characterized as being part of a lowermost end of the uppersection for the mounting bracket (when disposed in an upright positionon a horizontal supporting surface). Such a rib offsetting member(s) maybe disposed on an upper rib wall of a trapezoidal rib when the mountingbracket is an installed configuration, for instance to maintain theupper wall of the mounting bracket in spaced relation to such an upperrib wall. Although there could be a small space between the riboffsetting member(s) for the mounting bracket and the upper rib wall inthe installed configuration, no other portion of the mounting bracketwill be disposed in such a space.

A single rib offsetting member could extend from one side of the uppersection of the mounting bracket to an opposite side of the uppersection, where these sides are spaced in the lateral or “x” dimensionfor the mounting bracket. The mounting bracket could utilize a pair ofrib offsetting members, where one rib offsetting member would extendinwardly from one side of the mounting bracket, where another (separate)rib offsetting member would extend inwardly from the opposite side ofthe mounting bracket, and where the free ends of these two riboffsetting members would be in spaced relation to one another in thelateral or “x” dimension for the mounting bracket.

The first leg may intersect or merge with a rib offsetting member of themounting bracket. The second leg may intersect or merge with a riboffsetting member of the mounting bracket as well. The intersectionbetween the first leg and a rib offsetting member of the mountingbracket may define a first acute angle (i.e., less than 90°) on anexterior of the mounting bracket. The intersection between the secondleg and a rib offsetting member of the mounting bracket may define asecond acute angle (i.e., less than 90°) on an exterior of the mountingbracket. The first and second acute angles may be of a common magnitude.

The first and second legs could merge or intersect with a common riboffsetting member (e.g., a rib offsetting member that extends from oneside of the mounting bracket to its opposite side, where these sides arespaced in the lateral or “x” dimension for the mounting bracket). Thefirst leg could intersect or merge with a first rib offsetting member,while the second leg could intersect or merge with a second riboffsetting member that is spaced from the first rib offsetting member,including where the first and second rib offsetting members are spacedin the lateral or “x” dimension for the mounting bracket.

The mounting bracket may be configured such that: 1) a first part of arib offsetting member for the mounting bracket extends from itsintersection with the first leg to a first sidewall of the mountingbracket, including where this first part extends away relative to afirst side of a first reference plane in proceeding from itsintersection with the first leg to the first sidewall and where thisfirst reference plane is disposed between the first and second legs andoccupies both the ““z” and “y” dimensions for the mounting bracket(e.g., such a first reference plane only appears as an edge in an endview of the mounting bracket); and 2) a second part of a rib offsettingmember for the mounting bracket extends from its intersection with thesecond leg to a second sidewall of the mounting bracket, including wherethis second part extends away relative to an opposite, second side ofthe first reference plane in proceeding from its intersection with thesecond leg to the second sidewall, where these first and secondsidewalls would be spaced in the lateral or “x” dimension for themounting bracket.

The mounting bracket may include a first exterior notch on a first sideof the mounting bracket and a second exterior notch on a second side ofthe mounting bracket, including where these first and second sides ofthe mounting bracket are spaced in the lateral or “x” dimension for themounting bracket. The first exterior notch may be defined by theintersection of the first leg with a rib offsetting member for themounting bracket. The second exterior notch may be defined by theintersection of the second leg with a rib offsetting member for themounting bracket.

The first exterior notch and the second exterior notch may becharacterized as being at least generally V-shaped. The first exteriornotch may be characterized as having a first closed notch end and afirst open notch end, and the spacing between which defines a depth forthe first exterior notch. Two first walls extend from the first closednotch end to the first open notch end in diverging relation to oneanother. Similarly, the second exterior notch may be characterized ashaving a second closed notch end and a second open notch end, and thespacing between which defines a depth for the second exterior notch. Twosecond walls extend from the second closed notch end to the second opennotch end in diverging relation to one another. A first reference planeis disposed between the first and second legs and occupies both the “z”and “y” dimensions for the mounting bracket (e.g., such that the firstreference plane only appears as an edge in an end view of the mountingbracket). Each of the noted first walls for the first exterior notchextend away relative to a first side of the reference plane inproceeding from the first closed notch end to the first open notch end.Each of the noted second walls for the second exterior notch extend awayrelative to an opposite, second side of the first reference plane inproceeding from the second closed notch end to the second open notchend.

An entirety of the upper wall may be in the form of a single flatsurface, including where a perimeter of this single flat surface definesa surface area of at least about 2.5 in.² and/or including where theupper wall defines the uppermost extreme for the mounting bracket in aninstalled configuration. Such an upper wall accommodates using themounting bracket to structurally interconnect various types ofattachments to a roofing surface, more specifically to a trapezoidal ribof such a roofing surface. For instance, the mounting bracket may beinstalled on a trapezoidal rib such that the first leg of the mountingbracket is positioned alongside a first side of the trapezoidal rib,such that the second leg of the mounting bracket is positioned alongsidea second side of the trapezoidal rib, and such of the upper wall themounting bracket is spaced from an upper rib wall of the trapezoidalrib, where the first and second sides of the trapezoidal rib are spacedfrom one another and where each of these first and second sides of thetrapezoidal rib extend downwardly from the upper rib wall. At least onefirst fastener may extend through the first leg of the mounting bracket,through the first side of the trapezoidal rib, and terminate in a hollowinterior of the trapezoidal rib. At least one second fastener may extendthrough the second leg of the mounting bracket, through the second sideof the trapezoidal rib, and terminate in the hollow interior of thetrapezoidal rib. The first fastener(s) and second fastener(s) secure themounting bracket to the trapezoidal rib. An attachment fastener mayextend at least into the upper wall of the mounting bracket to secure anattachment relative to the mounting bracket. Such an attachment may bein the form of single photovoltaic module, a pair of photovoltaicmodules, or any other appropriate structure.

A second aspect is directed to a method of installing a mounting bracketon a building surface defined by a plurality of trapezoidal rib panels.The mounting bracket includes an upper section having an upper wall,along with a lower section that adjoins and extends from the uppersection. The upper wall may include a predefined mounting aperture(e.g., an unthreaded hole; an unthreaded mounting slot that extends inthe length or “z” dimension for the mounting bracket). The lower sectionincludes first and second legs that extend from the upper section indiverging relation to one another. The first and second legs are flexedaway from first and second positions, respectively, as part of theinstallation of the mounting bracket on a trapezoidal rib. The first legof the mounting bracket is positioned alongside a first side of atrapezoidal rib, while the second leg of the mounting bracket ispositioned alongside a second side of the same trapezoidal rib. At leastone first fastener is directed through the first leg of the mountingbracket and through the first side of the trapezoidal rib. At least onesecond fastener is directed through the second leg of the mountingbracket and through the second side of the trapezoidal rib.

A number of feature refinements and additional features are separatelyapplicable to the second aspect of the present invention. These featurerefinements and additional features may be used individually or in anycombination in relation to the second aspect. The mounting bracket ofthe first aspect may be installed on a trapezoidal rib in accordancewith the second aspect.

The first and second legs each may be flexed away from one another toincrease the spacing therebetween for attachment to a trapezoidal rib.Conversely, the first and second legs each may be flexed toward oneanother to decrease the spacing therebetween for attachment to atrapezoidal rib. The flexing of the first and second legs may utilize anelastic deformation of the mounting bracket. As such, the first leg maybe characterized as elastically deflecting as part of the installationof the mounting bracket on a trapezoidal rib, and the second leg may becharacterized as elastically deflecting as part of the installation ofthe mounting bracket on a trapezoidal rib.

In one embodiment, an installer exerts a force on the upper wall of themounting bracket to advance the mounting bracket relative to anunderlying trapezoidal rib. The application of this force and theengagement of each of the first and second legs with opposing sides ofthe trapezoidal rib causes the first and second legs to flexibly deflectat least generally away from one another to increase the spacingtherebetween. With the mounting bracket being in a desired positionrelative to the underlying trapezoidal rib (which may require continuedapplication of a force on the upper wall of the mounting bracket by aninstaller; e.g., such that at least one rib offsetting member of themounting bracket is positioned on or in close proximity to an upper ribwall of the trapezoidal rib), one or more first fasteners may bedirected through the first leg and the first side of the trapezoidal riband one or more second fasteners may be directed through the second legand the second side of the trapezoidal rib. As such, at least part ofthe flexing of the first and second legs may occur prior to separatelyfastening the first and second legs to corresponding sides of thetrapezoidal rib.

In one embodiment, an installer positions the mounting bracket on atrapezoidal rib (e.g., such that at least one rib offsetting member ofthe mounting bracket is positioned on or in close proximity to an upperrib wall of the trapezoidal rib). The first leg could be flexed towardthe corresponding first side of the trapezoidal rib by an installer suchthat at least one first fastener may be directed through the first legand the first side of the trapezoidal rib. The second leg could beflexed toward the corresponding second side of the trapezoidal rib by aninstaller such that at least one second fastener may be directed throughthe second leg and the second side of the trapezoidal rib. As such, atleast part of the flexing of the first leg may occur prior to fasteningthe first leg to the first side of the trapezoidal rib and at least partof the flexing of the second leg occurs prior to fastening the secondleg to the second side of the trapezoidal rib.

In one embodiment, an installer positions the mounting bracket on atrapezoidal rib (e.g., such that at least one rib offsetting member ofthe mounting bracket is positioned on or in close proximity to an upperrib wall of the trapezoidal rib). The first leg could be positionedalongside the corresponding first side of the trapezoidal rib (withoutflexing the first leg relative to the upper section of the mountingbracket) such that at least one first fastener may be directed throughthe first leg and the first side of the trapezoidal rib. Thereafter, thesecond leg could be flexed toward the corresponding second side of thetrapezoidal rib by an installer such that at least one second fastenermay be directed through the second leg and the second side of thetrapezoidal rib. As the first leg has already been attached to the firstside of the trapezoidal rib, the same force that flexes the second legtoward the first leg (for positioning alongside the second side of thetrapezoidal rib) will also cause the first leg to flex as well (e.g.,relative to the upper section of the mounting bracket). As such, atleast part of the flexing of the first and second legs occurs prior toboth of the first and second legs being attached to their correspondingsides of the trapezoidal rib.

Any feature of any other various aspects of the present invention thatis intended to be limited to a “singular” context or the like will beclearly set forth herein by terms such as “only,” “single,” “limitedto,” or the like. Merely introducing a feature in accordance withcommonly accepted antecedent basis practice does not limit thecorresponding feature to the singular. Moreover, any failure to usephrases such as “at least one” also does not limit the correspondingfeature to the singular. Use of the phrase “at least generally” or thelike in relation to a particular feature encompasses the correspondingcharacteristic and insubstantial variations thereof. Finally, areference of a feature in conjunction with the phrase “in oneembodiment” does not limit the use of the feature to a singleembodiment.

Various aspects of the present invention are also addressed by thefollowing paragraphs and in the noted combinations:

-   -   1. A mounting bracket for trapezoidal rib panels, comprising:        -   an upper section comprising an upper wall;        -   a lower section adjoining and extending below said upper            section, wherein said lower section comprises first and            second legs that each extend downwardly from said upper            section in diverging relation to one another, wherein from a            first position said first leg is flexibly deflectable at            least 2° away from said second leg and is flexibly            deflectable at least 2° toward said second leg, and wherein            from a second position said second leg is flexibly            deflectable at least 2° away from said first leg and is            flexibly deflectable at least 2° toward said first leg;        -   a rib receptacle; and        -   first and second open bracket ends that are spaced from one            another along a length dimension of said mounting bracket,            wherein said rib receptacle extends between said first and            second legs and also extends between said first and second            open bracket ends.    -   2. The mounting bracket of Paragraph 1, wherein said first        position is an unbiased position for said first leg and said        second position is an unbiased position for said second leg.    -   3. The mounting bracket of any of Paragraphs 1-2, wherein said        first position is a neutral position for said first leg and said        second position is a neutral position for said second leg.    -   4. The mounting bracket of any of Paragraphs 1-3, wherein said        first position is a position for said first leg when not        subjected to an external force and said second position is a        position for said second leg when not subjected to an external        force.    -   5. The mounting bracket of any of Paragraphs 1-4, wherein said        first leg moves at least toward said first position in the        absence of an external force to said first leg and said second        leg moves at least toward said second position in the absence of        an external force to said second leg.    -   6. The mounting bracket of any of Paragraphs 1-5, wherein said        first leg and said second leg each elastically deflect relative        to said upper section.    -   7. The mounting bracket of any of Paragraphs 1-6, wherein from        said first position said first leg is flexibly deflectable up to        about 5° away from said second leg and is flexibly deflectable        up to about 5° toward said second leg, and wherein from said        second position said second leg is flexibly deflectable up to        about 5° away from said first leg and is flexibly deflectable up        to about 5° toward said first leg.    -   8. The mounting bracket of any of Paragraphs 1-7, wherein said        first leg is flexibly deflectable at least generally about a        first reference axis that coincides with said length dimension        of said mounting bracket, and wherein said second leg is        flexibly deflectable at least generally about a second reference        axis that is parallel to said first reference axis.    -   9. The mounting bracket of Paragraph 8, wherein said first        reference axis and said second reference axis are disposed at a        common elevation when said mounting bracket is in an upright        position on a horizontal supporting surface.    -   10. The mounting bracket of Paragraph 8, wherein said first        reference axis and said second reference axis are disposed        within a reference plane that is parallel to said upper wall.    -   11. The mounting bracket of any of Paragraphs 1-7, wherein said        first leg is flexibly deflectable about an intersection between        said first leg and said upper section, and wherein said second        leg is flexibly deflectable about an intersection between said        second leg and said upper section.    -   12. The mounting bracket of any of Paragraphs 1-11, wherein each        of said first leg and said second leg are disposed at a common        acute angle relative to first and second reference planes,        respectively, that are parallel to one another, wherein each of        said first and second reference planes extend in a height        dimension for said mounting bracket when said mounting bracket        is in an upright position on a horizontal supporting surface.    -   13. The mounting bracket of any of Paragraphs 1-11, wherein a        reference plane bisects said mounting bracket in a lateral        dimension of said mounting bracket, wherein said first leg is        positioned on a first side of said reference plane, wherein said        second leg is positioned on a second side of said reference        plane that is opposite of said first side, and wherein said        first and second legs are oriented at a common angle relative to        said reference plane.    -   14. The mounting bracket of any of Paragraphs 1-13, wherein said        upper section of said mounting bracket comprises first and        second sections, wherein said first section comprises said upper        wall and is of a first width, wherein said second section is        positioned below said first section when said mounting bracket        is in an upright position on a horizontal supporting surface and        comprises a second width that is greater than said first width,        and wherein a lower end of said second section comprises at        least one rib offsetting member.    -   15. The mounting bracket of Paragraph 14, wherein when said        mounting bracket is positioned on a trapezoidal rib: 1) said at        least one rib offsetting member engages an upper rib wall of the        trapezoidal rib to offset said upper wall of said mounting        bracket from the upper rib wall of the trapezoidal rib; 2) said        upper wall is an uppermost extreme of said mounting bracket; 3)        said first leg is disposed adjacent to a first side of the        trapezoidal rib; and 4) said second leg is disposed adjacent to        a second side of the trapezoidal rib that is opposite of the        first side.    -   16. The mounting bracket of any of Paragraphs 14-15, wherein        said first section further comprises a receptacle disposed below        said upper wall.    -   17. The mounting bracket of any of Paragraphs 14-16, wherein        said second section of said upper section comprises a pair of        sidewalls that are spaced from one another in parallel relation.    -   18. The mounting bracket of any of Paragraphs 14-17, wherein        said at least one rib offsetting member comprises first and        second rib offsetting members that are spaced from one another,        wherein said first leg extends from said first rib offsetting        member, and wherein said second leg extends from said second rib        offsetting member.    -   19. The mounting bracket of Paragraph 18, wherein said first rib        offsetting member extends past an intersection with said first        leg in the direction of said second rib offsetting member and        terminates prior to reaching said second rib offsetting member,        wherein said second rib offsetting member extends past an        intersection with said second leg in the direction of said first        rib offsetting member and terminates prior to reaching said        first rib offsetting member, and wherein an open space extends        between said first and second rib offsetting members.    -   20. The mounting bracket of any of Paragraphs 1-13, wherein said        upper section of said mounting bracket further comprises first        and second sidewalls and at least one rib offsetting member,        wherein said first and second sidewalls are located between said        upper wall and said at least one rib offsetting member in a        vertical dimension when said mounting bracket is in an upright        position on a horizontal supporting surface, wherein said first        and second sidewalls are disposed in parallel relation and are        separated by a spacing that is greater than a width of said        upper section, and wherein each of said first and second legs        extend from said at least one rib offsetting member.    -   21. The mounting bracket of any of Paragraphs 1-20, wherein a        first portion of a lower end of said upper section merges with        said first leg at a first location, wherein a second portion of        said lower end of said upper section merges with said second leg        at a second location, wherein a first acute angle exists between        said first leg and said first portion of said lower end of said        upper section, and wherein a second acute angle exists between        said second leg and said second portion of said lower end of        said upper section.    -   22. The mounting bracket of Paragraph 21, wherein said first and        second acute angles are of a common magnitude.    -   23. The mounting bracket of any of Paragraphs 1-22, wherein said        first and second side legs are oriented as the mirror image of        one another.    -   24. The mounting bracket of any of Paragraphs 1-13 and 21-23,        further comprising a first rib offsetting member and a second        rib offsetting member that are separated by an open space.    -   25. The mounting bracket of any of Paragraphs 1-24, wherein said        mounting bracket is of one-piece construction.    -   26. The mounting bracket of any of Paragraphs 1-25, wherein an        entirety of said upper wall is in the form of a single flat        surface that incorporates a mounting aperture.    -   27. The mounting bracket of Paragraph 26, wherein said single        flat surface of said upper wall has a perimeter that defines an        area of at least 2.5 in.².    -   28. The mounting bracket of any of Paragraphs 1-25, wherein said        upper wall defines an uppermost extreme of said mounting bracket        when positioned on a trapezoidal rib, wherein an entirety of        said upper wall is in the form of a single flat surface that        incorporates a mounting aperture, and wherein said single flat        surface has a perimeter that defines an area of at least 2.5        in.².    -   29. The mounting bracket of any of Paragraphs 1-28, wherein said        mounting bracket comprises a wire management space that is open,        wherein a vertical extent of said wire management space is at        least about 0.75″ when said mounting bracket is disposed in an        upright position on a horizontal supporting surface.    -   30. The mounting bracket of any of Paragraphs 1-29, further        comprising a first exterior notch on a first side of said        mounting bracket, and a second exterior notch on a second side        of said mounting bracket, wherein said first and second sides        are opposite one another, and wherein said first and second        exterior notches are opposite of one another.    -   31. The mounting bracket of Paragraph 30, wherein said first        exterior notch comprises two first walls that extend from a        first closed notch end of said first exterior notch to a first        open notch end of said first exterior notch in diverging        relation to one another, wherein said second exterior notch        comprises two second walls that extend from a second closed        notch end of said second exterior notch to a second open notch        end of said second exterior notch in diverging relation to one        another, wherein a first reference plane is vertically oriented        when said mounting bracket is in an upright position on a        horizontal supporting surface, is disposed between said first        and second exterior notches, and appears as an edge in an end        view of said mounting bracket, wherein each of said first walls        extend away relative to a first side of said first reference        plane in proceeding from said first closed notch end of said        first exterior notch to said first open notch end of said first        exterior notch, and wherein each of said second walls extend        away relative to a second side of said first reference plane in        proceeding from said second closed notch end of said second        exterior notch to said second open notch end of said second        exterior notch.    -   32. An attachment assembly comprising the mounting bracket of        any of Paragraphs 1-31, and further comprising:        -   a trapezoidal rib, wherein said mounting bracket is            positioned on said trapezoidal rib such that said first leg            of said mounting bracket is positioned alongside a first            side of said trapezoidal rib, such that said second leg of            said mounting bracket is positioned alongside a second side            of said trapezoidal rib, and such that said upper wall of            said mounting bracket is spaced from an upper rib wall of            said trapezoidal rib;        -   an attachment;        -   an attachment fastener that extends at least into said upper            wall of said mounting bracket, wherein said attachment is            secured relative to said mounting bracket by said attachment            fastener;        -   at least one first fastener that extends through said first            leg of said mounting bracket, through said first side of            said trapezoidal rib, and that terminates in a hollow            interior of said trapezoidal rib; and        -   at least one second fastener that extends through said            second leg of said mounting bracket, through said second            side of said trapezoidal rib, and that terminates in said            hollow interior of said trapezoidal rib.    -   33. The attachment assembly of Paragraph 32, wherein no fastener        extends through said upper wall of said mounting bracket and        through said upper rib wall of said trapezoidal rib.    -   34. A photovoltaic system, comprising:        -   a mounting assembly comprising:        -   the mounting bracket of any of Paragraphs 1-31;        -   a mounting plate positioned on said upper wall of said            mounting bracket;        -   a clamping member engageable with a first photovoltaic            module when positioned on said mounting plate; and        -   a clamp fastener that extends through said clamping member,            then through said mounting plate, and then at least into            said upper wall of said mounting bracket.    -   35. The photovoltaic system of Paragraph 35, further comprising:        -   a trapezoidal rib, wherein said mounting bracket is            positioned on said trapezoidal rib such that said first leg            of said mounting bracket is positioned alongside a first            side of said trapezoidal rib, such that said second leg of            said mounting bracket is positioned alongside a second side            of said trapezoidal rib, and such that said upper wall of            said mounting bracket is spaced from an upper rib wall of            said trapezoidal rib;        -   at least one first fastener that extends through said first            leg of said mounting bracket, through said first side of            said trapezoidal rib, and that terminates in a hollow            interior of said trapezoidal rib;        -   at least one second fastener that extends through said            second leg of said mounting bracket, through said second            side of said trapezoidal rib, and that terminates in said            hollow interior of said trapezoidal rib; and        -   a first photovoltaic module positioned on said upper surface            of said mounting plate of said mounting assembly, wherein            said clamping member of said mounting assembly engages said            first photovoltaic module.    -   36. The photovoltaic system of any of Paragraphs 34-35, wherein        said mounting bracket comprises a wire management space that is        open, wherein a vertical extent of said wire management space is        at least about 0.75″ when said mounting bracket is disposed in        an upright position on a horizontal supporting surface, and        wherein said photovoltaic system further comprises a plurality        of photovoltaic module electrical wires or cables that extend        through said wire management space of said mounting bracket        along said length dimension of said mounting bracket.    -   37. A method of installing a mounting bracket on a building        surface comprising a plurality of trapezoidal rib panels,        wherein said mounting bracket comprises an upper section        comprising an upper wall, wherein said upper wall comprises a        mounting aperture, wherein said mounting bracket further        comprises a lower section adjoining and extending from said        upper section, wherein said lower section comprises first and        second legs that each extend downwardly from said upper section        in diverging relation to one another, said method comprising the        steps of:        -   flexing said first and second legs away from first and            second positions, respectively, and either toward one            another or away from one another;        -   positioning said first leg of said mounting bracket            alongside a first side of a trapezoidal rib;        -   positioning said second leg of said mounting bracket            alongside a second side of said trapezoidal rib;        -   disposing said upper wall of said mounting bracket in spaced            relation to an upper end of said trapezoidal rib;        -   directing at least one first fastener through said first leg            of said mounting bracket and through said first side of said            trapezoidal rib; and        -   directing at least one second fastener through said second            leg of said mounting bracket and through said second side of            said trapezoidal rib.    -   38. The method of Paragraph 37, wherein said flexing step        comprises increasing a spacing between said first and second        legs prior to or during positioning of said mounting bracket on        said trapezoidal rib.    -   39. The method of Paragraph 38, wherein an orientation of said        first leg of said mounting bracket at least substantially        matches an orientation of said first side of said trapezoidal        rib after said flexing step and prior to said directing at least        one first fastener step, and wherein an orientation of said        second leg of said mounting bracket at least substantially        matches an orientation of said second side of said trapezoidal        rib after said flexing step and prior to said directing at least        one second fastener step.    -   40. The method of Paragraph 37, wherein said flexing step        comprises decreasing a spacing between said first and second        legs.    -   41. The method of Paragraph 40, wherein an orientation of said        first leg of said mounting bracket at least substantially        matches an orientation of said first side of said trapezoidal        rib at some point in time after said flexing step, and wherein        an orientation of said second leg of said mounting bracket at        least substantially matches an orientation of said second side        of said trapezoidal rib at some point in time after said flexing        step.    -   42. The method of any of Paragraphs 37-41, wherein said flexing        step comprises elastically deflecting each of said first and        second legs relative said upper section.    -   43. The method of any of Paragraphs 37, 38, and 40, wherein an        orientation of said first leg of said mounting bracket at least        substantially matches an orientation of said first side of said        trapezoidal rib at least after said directing at least one first        fastener step, and wherein an orientation of said second leg of        said mounting bracket at least substantially matches an        orientation of said second side of said trapezoidal rib at least        after said directing at least one second fastener step.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a side view of a prior art mounting assembly forinterconnecting solar cell modules with a standing seam roof.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a plurality of solar cell modulesinstalled on a standing seam building surface using a plurality ofadjustable mounting assemblies.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional schematic of a representative standing seamdefined by interconnecting a pair of panels.

FIG. 4 is a top view of one of the solar cell modules illustrated inFIG. 2.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of one of the mounting devices that isinstalled on a standing steam in FIG. 2.

FIG. 6 is an exploded, perspective view of one of the adjustablemounting assemblies from FIG. 2.

FIG. 7A is a side view of one of the adjustable mounting assemblies fromFIG. 2, and which is engaging a pair of solar cell module frames.

FIG. 7B shows the mounting assembly of FIG. 7A being used for solar cellmodule frames having a different thickness than those illustrated inFIG. 7A.

FIG. 7C is a side view of one of the adjustable mounting assemblies fromFIG. 2 that is disposed adjacent to an edge of the building surface, andwhich is engaging a single solar cell module frame.

FIG. 8A is one side-based perspective view of another embodiment of amounting assembly for photovoltaic modules.

FIG. 8B is one top-based perspective view of the mounting assembly ofFIG. 8A.

FIG. 8C is another one top-based perspective view of the mountingassembly of FIG. 8A.

FIG. 8D is a bottom-based perspective view of the mounting assembly ofFIG. 8A.

FIG. 8E is a plan view of a bottom of the mounting assembly of FIG. 8A.

FIG. 8F is another side-based perspective view of the mounting assemblyof FIG. 8A, and schematically illustrating the engagement of a pair ofphotovoltaic modules.

FIG. 9A is a plan view of one embodiment of a photovoltaic system usinga plurality of the mounting assemblies of FIGS. 8A-F, and with theclamping members being removed to illustrate a positional registrationfunction incorporated by the mounting plate of such mounting assemblies.

FIG. 9B is a plan view of a photovoltaic system using a plurality of themounting assemblies of FIG. 6, and with the clamping members beingremoved therefrom to illustrate how a misaligned mounting assembly canaffect the ability of the same to clamp onto one or more photovoltaicmodules.

FIG. 10A is a perspective view of another embodiment of a mounting platethat incorporates a discrete pair of PV module positional registrants.

FIG. 10B is a side view of the mounting plate of FIG. 10 disposed on amounting device, where the mounting plate includes a pair of mountingdevice positional registrants.

FIG. 11 is an end view of a representative trapezoidal rib panel.

FIG. 12A is a perspective view of one embodiment of a mounting bracketfor use with trapezoidal rib panels.

FIG. 12B is cross-sectional view of the mounting bracket of FIG. 12A.

FIG. 12C is a top view of the mounting bracket of FIG. 12A.

FIG. 12D is a cross-sectional view of the mounting bracket of FIG. 12Awhen installed on a trapezoidal rib of a trapezoidal rib panel.

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the mounting bracket of FIGS. 12A-Dmounted on a trapezoidal rib of a trapezoidal rib panel, and with themounting assembly 70 a from FIGS. 7A-B being mounted on this mountingbracket.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of a variation of the mounting bracketof FIG. 12A.

FIG. 15A is an end view of one embodiment of a trapezoidal rib mountingbracket having flexible legs.

FIG. 15B is the same end view shown in FIG. 15A, but labeled to identifyflex locations and directions for each of the legs.

FIG. 15C is an end view of the mounting bracket of FIG. 15A positionedon one trapezoidal rib profile.

FIG. 15D is an end view of the mounting bracket of FIG. 15A positionedon another trapezoidal rib profile.

FIG. 15E is an end view of the mounting bracket of FIG. 15A beingfastened to the trapezoidal rib profile of FIG. 15C.

FIG. 15F is an end view of the mounting bracket of FIG. 15A beingfastened to the trapezoidal rib profile of FIG. 15D.

FIG. 16A is the same end view of the mounting bracket of FIG. 15A.

FIG. 16B is an end view of a variation of the mounting bracket shown inFIG. 16A.

FIG. 17A is a perspective view of an embodiment of the mounting bracketof FIG. 15A.

FIG. 17B is a perspective view of a PV module mounting assembly thatuses the mounting bracket of FIG. 15A.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 2 illustrates an assembly 30 in the form of a building surface 34,a photovoltaic or solar cell array 54 defined by a plurality ofphotovoltaic modules or solar cell modules 58 (only schematically shownin FIG. 2), and a plurality of mounting assemblies 70 a, 70 b. Thebuilding surface 34 is defined by interconnecting a plurality of panels38. Although the panels 38 may be formed from any appropriate materialor combination of materials, typically they are in the form of metalpanels 38. In any case, each adjacent pair of panels 38 isinterconnected in a manner so as to define a standing seam 42 (onlyschematically shown in FIG. 2). A base 46 is disposed between theopposing edges of each panel 38 (e.g., FIG. 3). The entirety of the base46 may be flat or planar. However, one or more small structures may beformed/shaped into the base 46 of one or more panels 38 of the buildingsurface 34 to address oil canning. These structures are commonlyreferred to as crests, minor ribs, intermediate ribs, pencil ribs,striations, fluting, or flutes.

A cross-sectional schematic of one of the standing seams 42 isillustrated in FIG. 3. There it can be seen that a pair ofinterconnected panels 38 define a standing seam 42. Generally, an edgeor edge section 50 of one panel 38 is “nested” with the opposing edge oredge section 50 of the adjacent panel 38 to define a standing seam 42.Typically each the two opposing edges 50 of a given panel 38 will be ofa different configuration. That way, one edge 50 (one configuration) ofone panel 38 will be able to “nest” with one edge 50 (anotherconfiguration) of the adjacent panel 38. Various configurations may beemployed for the edges 50 of the panels 38, and which may providedifferent configurations/profiles for the corresponding standing seam42.

A more detailed view of one of the photovoltaic modules or solar cellmodules 58 from FIG. 2 is presented in FIG. 4. Each solar cell module 58includes a frame 62 that is disposed about the corresponding solar cell66. The frame 62 may be of any appropriate size, shape, configuration,and/or type, and may be formed from any appropriate material orcombination of materials. In the illustrated embodiment, the frame 62 isof a rectangular profile, and may be formed from an appropriate metal ormetal alloy (e.g., aluminum). Similarly, the photovoltaic cell or solarcell 66 may be of any appropriate size, shape, configuration and/or typeto convert light into electricity. Typically the solar cell 66 will bein the form of a substrate having a stack of a plurality of layers. Anynumber of solar cell modules 58 may be used for the solar cell array 54of FIG. 2, and multiple solar cell modules 58 may be disposed in anyappropriate arrangement.

The mounting assemblies 70 a, 70 b that are used to install the solarcell array 54 onto the building surface 34 in FIG. 2 utilize a mountingdevice 74 that may be of any appropriate size, shape, configuration,and/or type. One configuration of a mounting device that may beinstalled on a standing seam 42 is illustrated in FIG. 5 and isidentified by reference numeral 74. This mounting device 74 includes anupper surface 78 and an oppositely disposed bottom surface 86, a pair ofoppositely disposed side surfaces 82, and a pair of oppositely disposedends 94. The upper surface 78 includes a threaded hole 98, as does atleast one of the side surfaces 82, while the bottom surface 86 includesa slot 90 that extends between the two ends 94 of the mounting device74.

The slot 90 on the bottom surface 86 of the mounting device 74 includesa base 92 a and a pair of sidewalls 92 b that are spaced apart toreceive at least an end section of a standing seam 42. One or more seamfasteners 106 may be directed through a threaded hole 102 of themounting device 74 and into the slot 90 to engage the standing seam 42and secure the same against the opposing slot sidewall 92 b. A cavity ofany appropriate type may be on this opposing slot sidewall 92 b to allowthe aligned seam fastener 106 to deflect a corresponding portion of thestanding seam 42 into this cavity, although such may not be required inall instances. In any case and in one embodiment, the seam fastener 106only interfaces with an exterior surface of the standing seam 42. Forinstance, the end of the seam fastener 106 that interfaces with thestanding seam 42 may be convex, rounded, or of a blunt-nosedconfiguration to provide a desirable interface with the standing seam42.

Other mounting device configurations may be appropriate for mounting onstanding seam 42 and that may be used in place of the mounting device 74shown in FIG. 5. Various mounting device configurations are disclosed inU.S. Pat. Nos. 5,228,248; 5,483,772; 5,941,931; 5,694,721; 5,715,640;5,983,588; 6,164,033; 6,718,718; 7,100,338; and 7,013,612, and which maybe utilized by either of the mounting assemblies 70 a, 70 b.

The mounting assembly 70 a that is used in the installation of a pair ofadjacent solar cell modules 58 in FIG. 2, and that may use a mountingdevice 74, is illustrated in FIG. 6. The mounting assembly 70 a includesa mounting device 74, along with a mounting plate 110, a clamping member142, a stud 114, and a nut 128. The mounting plate 110 is disposed onthe upper surface 78 of the mounting device 74, and includes a hole oraperture 112 that allows the stud 114 to pass therethrough. The mountingplate 110 may be utilized when it may be desirable to enhance thestability of the mounting assembly 70 a, and in any case may be of anyappropriate size, shape, configuration and/or type. The surface area ofthe mounting plate 110 is at least about 5 in² in one embodiment, and isat least about 7 in² in another embodiment. It may be possible toeliminate the mounting plate 110 from the mounting assembly 70 a, forinstance when the surface area of the upper surface 78 of the mountingdevice 74 is sufficiently large.

The stud 114 provides an interface between the clamping member 142 andthe mounting device 74, and includes a first stud end 118 and anoppositely disposed second stud end 122. A nut 126 is disposed betweenthe first stud end 118 and the second stud end 122, and is fixed to thestud 114 in any appropriate manner (e.g., welded). That is, the nut 126does not move relative to the stud 114, such that the nut 126 and stud114 will move together as a single unit. In one embodiment, the nut 126is threaded onto the stud 114, and is then fixed in the desiredlocation.

A first threaded section 130 a extends from the first stud end 118toward the second stud end 122, while a second threaded section 130 bextends from the second stud end 122 toward the first stud end 118. Anunthreaded section 134 is disposed between the fixed nut 126 and thefirst threaded section 130 a in the illustrated embodiment. However, thefirst threaded section 130 a could extend all the way to the fixed nut126 (e.g., the entire stud 114 could be threaded). In one embodiment,the length of the first threaded section is at least about 1.5 inches.

The second stud end 122 may be directed through the hole 112 in themounting plate 110 if being utilized, and in any case into a threadedhole 98 of the mounting device 74. It should be appreciated that themounting device 74 could also be disposed in a horizontal orientation ona standing seam having a horizontally disposed end section versus thevertically disposed orientation of the end section of the standing seam42, and that in this case the second stud end 122 would be directed intothe threaded hole 98 on a side surface 82 of the mounting device 74(e.g., the mounting plate 110 could then be disposed on such a sidesurface 82 if desired/required). In any case, the stud 114 may betightened onto the mounting device 74 by having an appropriate toolengage the fixed nut 126 to rotate the stud 114 relative to the mountingdevice 74 and into a desired forcible engagement with the mounting plate110 or with the corresponding surface of the mounting device 74 if themounting plate 110 is not being used. In one embodiment, the fixed nut126 is located along the length of the stud 114 such that the secondstud end 122 does not extend into the slot 90 of the mounting device 74when the stud 114 is tightened onto the mounting device 74. Having thisstud end 122 extend into the slot 90 could potentially damage thestanding seam 42.

The clamping member 142 includes a base 154 that is disposed on thefixed nut 26 of the stud 114. A hole 158 extends through the base 154and is aligned with a threaded hole 98 of the mounting device 74. In theillustrated embodiment, the hole 156 in the clamping member 142 is notthreaded such that the clamping member 142 may “slide” along the stud114.

A pair of clamping legs 146 that are disposed in opposing relationextend upwardly from the base 154 in a direction that is at leastgenerally away from the mounting device 74 when the mounting assembly 70a is installed, such that the base 154 and clamping legs 146 define anat least generally U-shaped structure. Each clamping leg 146 includes anextension 150 and an engagement section 152. The engagement sections 152are disposed in a different orientation than the extensions 150, andfunction to provide a surface to engage and clamp a structure to themounting assembly 70 a. In the illustrated embodiment, the engagementsections 150 include teeth, serrations, or like to enhance the “grip” onthe structure being clamped to the mounting assembly 70 a. The clampinglegs 146 may be of any appropriate size, shape, and/or configuration forclamping a structure to the mounting assembly 70 a. Generally, a pocket160 is defined between each engagement section 152 and the underlyingmounting plate 110/mounting device 74 for receiving a structure to beclamped to the mounting assembly 70 a.

FIG. 7A illustrates one of the mounting assemblies 70 a from FIG. 2, andwhich again interfaces with a pair of solar cell modules 58.Installation of such a mounting assembly 70 a could entail directing atleast the upper portion of the standing seam 42 into the slot 90 of themounting device 74. Thereafter, the mounting device 74 may be secured tothe standing seam 42 using at least one seam fastener 106. Once again,the seam fastener 106 may be directed through the mounting device 74 andinto the slot 90 to force a corresponding portion of the standing seam42 against the opposing slot sidewall 92 b.

The mounting plate 110 may be disposed on the upper surface 78 of themounting device 74 such that its hole 112 is aligned with a threadedhole 98 on the mounting device 74 that will receive the stud 114. Thesecond stud end 122 may then be directed through the hole 112 of themounting plate 110 such that the stud 114 may be threaded to themounting device 74 (e.g., using a wrench on the fixed nut 126 to clampthe mounting plate 110 between the fixed nut 126 and the mounting device74). At this time, the lower surface of the fixed nut 126 engages theupper surface of the mounting plate 110 or a corresponding surface ofthe mounting device 74 if the mounting plate 110 is not used. Aspreviously noted, and as illustrated in FIG. 7A, in one embodiment thesecond stud end 122 does not pass into the slot 90 of the mountingdevice 74. It should be appreciated that the mounting plate 110 and stud114 could be installed on the mounting device 74 prior to itsinstallation on the standing seam 42.

A frame 62 from one of the solar cell modules 58 may be positioned onone side of the mounting plate 110, while a frame 62 from another of thesolar cell modules 58 may be positioned on the opposite side of themounting plate 110. The clamping member 142 may or may not be positionedon the stud 114 at the time the solar cell module frames 62 arepositioned on the mounting plate 110. In any case, the first stud end118 may be directed through the hole 158 on the base 154 of the clampingmember 142. At this time a portion of one solar cell module frame 62will then be positioned between the mounting plate 110 and theengagement section 152 of one of the clamping legs 146, while a portionof another solar cell module frame 62 will then be positioned betweenthe mounting plate 110 and the engagement section 152 of the otherclamping leg 146. The nut 128 may then be threaded onto the first studend 118 of the stud 114 until the engagement sections 152 of theclamping member 142 exert a desired force on the two solar cell moduleframes 62 (e.g., to clamp these frames 62 between the engagementsections 152 of the clamping member 142 and the mounting plate 110, orbetween the engagement sections 152 of the clamping member 142 and themounting device 74 if the mounting plate 110 is not being used). Thatis, turning the nut 128 may move the clamping member 142 along the stud114 and toward the mounting device 74 (e.g., by the clamping member 142“sliding” along the stud 114) to generate the desired clamping action.It should be appreciated that the clamping member 142 and possibly thenut 128 could be positioned on the stud 114 at the time when the solarcell module frames 62 are disposed on the mounting plate 110, althoughthis may require that the clamping member 142 be lifted to a degree atthis time to accommodate positioning the frames 62 under the engagementsections 152 of the clamping member 142.

As evident by a review of FIG. 7A, the stud 114 may extend beyond thenut 128 in the installed configuration. Preferably the first threadedsection 130 a of the stud 114 is of a length that allows the mountingassembly 70 a to be used to clamp structures of various thicknesses tothe mounting assembly 70 a. For instance, FIG. 7B illustrates a pair ofsolar cell module frames 62′ being clamped to the mounting assembly 70a, where these frames 62′ are thicker than the frames 62 presented inFIG. 7A. In one embodiment, the length of the first threaded section 130a is at least about 1.5 inches, and which accommodates using themounting assembly 70 a to clamp solar cell modules of a number ofdifferent thicknesses (e.g., the fixed nut 126 may be spaced from thefirst stud end 118 by a distance of at least about 1.5 inches, the firstthreaded section 130 a may extend all the way to the fixed nut 126, orboth).

The above-described mounting assemblies 70 a may be used tosimultaneously engage the frame 62 of a pair of solar cell modules 58.In at least some cases, there may only be a need to engage a singlesolar cell 58, such as in the case of those solar cells 58 that aredisposed closest to an edge 36 of the building surface 34 (FIG. 2). FIG.7C illustrates a configuration for this situation, and which isidentified by reference numeral 70 b. Corresponding parts of themounting assemblies 70 a and 70 b are identified by the same referencenumeral. The only difference between the mounting assembly 70 b and themounting assembly 70 a is that an additional nut 128 is used by themounting assembly 70 b. Therefore, the remainder of the discussionpresented above also applies to the mounting assembly 70 b.

Generally, one nut 128 is threaded onto the first stud end 118, followedby positioning a clamping member 142 over the first stud end 118 andonto the stud 114, then followed by a second nut 128 that is threadedonto the first stud end 118. The lower nut 128 may be threaded down asufficient distance on the stud 114. Thereafter, the top nut 128 may bethreaded to clamp a solar cell module frame 62″ between the mountingplate 110 and the engagement section 152 of one of the clamping members142. The lower nut 128 may then be threaded upwardly on the stud 118 toengage the underside of the base 154 of the clamping member 142.

Another embodiment of a mounting assembly, which may be used formounting photovoltaic or solar cell modules to a building surface havinga plurality of standing seams defined by a plurality of interconnectedpanels, is illustrated in FIGS. 8A-F and is identified by referencenumeral 70 c. Corresponding components between the mounting assembly 70c and the above-discussed mounting assembly 70 a are identified by thesame reference numerals. Those corresponding components between thesetwo embodiments that differ in at least some respect are identified bythe same reference numeral, but with a “single prime” designation inrelation to the mounting assembly 70 c.

The mounting assembly 70 c of FIGS. 8A-F utilizes the above-discussedmounting device 74, clamping member 142, and stud 114. All of thefeatures discussed above in relation to each of these components remainequally applicable to the mounting assembly 70 c. The mounting assembly70 c does utilize a mounting plate 110′ that is positioned on an uppersurface 78 of the mounting device 74, and that is located between theclamping member 142 and the mounting device 74 in a dimensioncorresponding with the length dimension of the stud 114. However, themounting place 110′ is of a different configuration than the mountingplate 110 utilized by the mounting assembly 70 a, and therefore thenoted “single prime” designation is utilized.

The mounting plate 110′ includes an upper surface 170 and an oppositelydisposed lower surface 176. The upper surface 170 includes a pluralityof grounding projections 172. The grounding projections 172 may beintegrally formed with a remainder of the mounting plate 110′ (e.g., themounting plate 110′ and grounding projections 172 may be of one-piececonstruction, such that the individual grounding projections 172 do notneed to be separately attached to the mounting plate 110′). Anyappropriate number of grounding projections 172 may be utilized. Eachgrounding projection 172 may be of any appropriate size, shape, and/orconfiguration. The various grounding projections 172 may be equallyspaced from the stud 114, may be equally spaced about the stud 114, orboth.

In one embodiment, the number of grounding projections 172 is selectedand the grounding projections 172 are arranged such that at least onegrounding projection 172 will engage each photovoltaic module beingmounted to a building surface by the clamp assembly 70 c, regardless ofthe angular position of the mounting plate 110′ relative to the stud114. “Angular position” does not mean that the mounting plate 110′ isdisposed at an angle relative to the upper surface 78 of the mountingdevice 74. Instead, “angular position” means a position of the mountingplate 110′ that may be realized by rotating the mounting plate 110′relative to the stud 114 and/or the mounting device 74. Consider thecase where the ends 94 of the mounting device 74 define the 12 o'clockand 6 o'clock positions. The mounting plate 110′ may be positioned onthe mounting device 74 with each of its grounding projections 172 beingdisposed at any angle relative to the 12 o'clock position (e.g., in the1 o'clock position, in the 2 o'clock position, in the 8 o'clockposition, etc), and yet at least one grounding projection 172 willengage each photovoltaic module being mounted to a building surface bythe clamp assembly 70 c. The “angle” of each such grounding projection172 is the angle between first and second reference lines that aredisposed within a common plane, the first reference line remaining in afixed position relative to the mounting plate 110′ and extending fromthe stud 114, for instance, to the noted 12 o'clock position. The secondreference line may also extend from the stud 114 to a particulargrounding projection 172, and thereby may rotate along with the mountingplate 110′ as its angular position is adjusted relative to the stud 114and/or mounting device 74.

The grounding projections 172 may facilitate establishing an electricalconnection with and/or assisting in grounding one or more photovoltaicmodules. The grounding projections 172 may be characterized as providingelectrical continuity between adjacent photovoltaic modules that arepositioned on the same mounting plate 110′ (e.g., an electrical path mayencompass the frame of one photovoltaic module, one or more groundingprojections 172 engaged therewith, the mounting plate 110′, one or moreadditional grounding projections 172, and the frame of anotherphotovoltaic module engaged by such an additional groundingprojection(s) 172). This may be referred to in the art as “bonding.” Inany case, the grounding projections 172 may be used in providing agrounding function for a corresponding photovoltaic module(s). The notedelectrical connection provided by the grounding projections 172 may beused to electrically connect adjacent photovoltaic modules (e.g., thosepositioned on a common mounting plate 110′), and which may be used toprovide an electrical path to ground a string or collection ofphotovoltaic modules.

The mounting device 110′ also includes a raised structure 174 on itsupper surface 170. The raised structure 174 may be disposed about theun-threaded hole 112 in the mounting plate 110′ and through which thestud 114 passes. Generally and as will be discussed in more detailbelow, the raised structure 174 may be used to determine where aphotovoltaic module should be positioned on the upper surface 170 of themounting plate 110′ to ensure that the clamping member 142 willadequately engage not only this photovoltaic module, but an adjacentlydisposed photovoltaic module as well. As such, the raised structure 174may be characterized as a positional registrant or alignment feature foreach an adjacent pair of photovoltaic modules being clamped by a commonmounting assembly 70 c.

The raised structure 174 may be integrally formed with a remainder ofthe mounting plate 110′ (e.g., the mounting plate 110′ and raisedstructure 174 may be of one-piece construction, such that the raisedstructure 174 does not need to be separately attached to the mountingplate 110′). The raised structure 174 may be characterized as beingdoughnut-shaped. The raised structure 174 may extend completely aboutthe stud 114, the stud 114 may extend through a center of the raisedstructure 174, or both. The raised structure 174 may be circular in aplan view. This alleviates the requirement to have the mounting plate110′ be in a certain angular position on the upper surface 78 of themounting device 74 to provide its positional registration or alignmentfunction in relation to the photovoltaic modules to be clamped. An outerperimeter of the raised structure 174 and an outer perimeter of themounting plate 110′ may be concentrically disposed relative to the stud114. The raised structure 174 may be centrally disposed relative to anouter perimeter of the mounting plate 110′.

The lower surface 176 of the mounting plate 110′ includes a plurality ofwiring tabs or clips 178. The wiring clips 178 may be integrally formedwith a remainder of the mounting plate 110′ (e.g., the mounting plate110′ and wiring clips 178 may be of one-piece construction, such thatthe individual wiring clips 178 do not need to be separately attached tothe mounting plate 110′). For instance, the wiring clips 178 could be“stamped” from the body of the mounting plate 110′. In this regard, themounting plate 110′ includes an aperture 184 for each such wiring clip178. Any appropriate number of wiring clips 178 may be utilized. Thevarious wiring clips 178 may be equally spaced from the stud 114, may beequally spaced about the stud 114, or both.

In one embodiment, the number of wiring clips 178 is selected and thewiring clips 178 are arranged such that at least one wiring clip 178should be available for holding/retaining one or more wires from/foreach photovoltaic module being mounted to a building surface by theclamp assembly 70 c, regardless of the angular position of the mountingplate 110′ relative to the stud 114 and/or mounting device 74.

Each wiring clip 178 may be of any appropriate size, shape, and/orconfiguration. In the illustrated embodiment, each wiring clip 178includes a first segment 180 a that extends away from the lower surface176 of the mounting plate 110′, along with a second segment 180 b thatextends from a distal end of the first segment 180 a. The second segment180 b may be disposed at least generally parallel with the lower surface176 of the mounting plate 110′. In any case, the second segment 180 bmay include a recessed region 182 (e.g., a concave area) to facilitateretention of one or more wires and/or quick-connect leads.

A wiring clip 178 may be used the support and/or retain thequick-connect lead(s) associated with one of the photovoltaic modulesbeing clamped by the corresponding mounting assembly 70 c (e.g., bybeing positioned within the space between the second segment 180 b of agiven wiring clip 178 and the lower surface 176 of the mounting plate110′, for instance by resting in a concave portion of the second segment180 b in the form of the noted recessed region 182). Other wires couldbe directed into the space between the second segment 180 b of a givenwiring clip 178 and the lower surface 176 of the mounting plate 110′.

Another function is indirectly provided by the wiring clips 178. Theaperture 184 associated with each wiring clip 178 provides a spacethrough which an installer may direct cable or zip tie or the like tobundle together various wires that may be located at a lower elevationthan the mounting plate 110′ (e.g., wires underneath the mountingassembly 70 c; wires underneath a photovoltaic module being clamped bythe mounting assembly 70 c; wires in a space between a pair ofphotovoltaic modules being clamped by the mounting assembly 70 c).

FIG. 8F schematically illustrates the positional registration/alignmentfunction provided by the raised structure 174 of the mounting plate110′. Here the frame 62 of one photovoltaic module 58 being clamped bythe mounting assembly 70 c abuts one portion on a perimeter of theraised structure 174, while the frame 62 of another photovoltaic module58 being clamped by the mounting assembly 70 c is disposed adjacent to(or possibly abutting with) an oppositely disposed portion on theperimeter of the raised structure 174. In one embodiment, the width orouter diameter of the raised structure 174 is the same as or slightlylarger than the spacing between the two extensions 150 of the clampingmember 142. In any case, the raised structure 174 should be sized suchthat when an adjacent pair of photovoltaic modules 58 are positioned toabut oppositely disposed portions on the perimeter of the raisedstructure 174, the clamping member 142 should be positionable on thestud 114 and should properly engage these photovoltaic modules.

At least one grounding projection 172 of the mounting plate 110′ shownin FIG. 8F should be engaged with the frame 62 of one photovoltaicmodule 58 shown in FIG. 8F, and at least one other grounding projection172 of this same mounting plate 110′ should be engaged with the frame 62of the other photovoltaic module 58 shown in FIG. 8F. This againprovides electrical continuity between the two modules 58 shown in FIG.8F—an electrical path exists from one module 58 to the other module 58via the mounting plate 110′ and each grounding projection 172 that isengaged with either of the modules 58.

FIG. 9A illustrates the positional registration or alignment functionprovided by the mounting plate 110′ incorporating a raised structure 174(which thereby may be referred to as a PV module positional registrant).In FIG. 9A, the mounting devices 74 are attached to the standing seams42 such that the frame 62 of the photovoltaic module 58 engages aportion on the outer perimeter of the raised structure 174. The clampingmember 142 for each such mounting device 74 should not only be in properposition to adequately engage the frame 62 of the photovoltaic module 58shown in FIG. 9A, but the clamping member 142 for each such mountingdevice 74 should also be in proper position to adequately engage theframe 62 of another photovoltaic module 58 that would be positioned inthe uphill direction A (e.g., the arrow A indicating the direction ofincreasing elevation) from the illustrated photovoltaic module 58. Theframe 62 of this “uphill” photovoltaic module 58 would likely engage anopposing portion of the raised structure 174 (or be disposed in closelyspaced relation thereto). Any “downward drifting” of this uphillphotovoltaic module 58 should be stopped by engaging the raisedstructure 174 of the “downhill” mounting assemblies 70 c.

Now compare FIG. 9A to FIG. 9B. In FIG. 9B, the mounting assembly 70 ahas been used, and whose mounting plate 110 does not incorporate theraised structure 174 from the mounting plate 110′ of FIGS. 8A-F. Here itcan be seen that the uphill photovoltaic module 58 a (the arrow B inFIG. 9B indicating the downhill direction, or direction of decreasingelevation) has been positioned relative to the three lower mountingdevices 74 such that its frame 62 is quite close to the hole 112 of thethree lower mounting plates 110 (through which the stud 114 is directedto threadably engage the mounting device 74). The three clamping members142 associated with these three “downhill” mounting plates 110 now maynot sufficiently engage the downhill photovoltaic module 58 b.

The mounting plate 110′ from the mounting assembly 70 c of FIGS. 8A-Fuses a single raised structure 174 to provide a positional registrationor alignment function for each of the two photovoltaic modules that maybe clamped by a single mounting assembly 70 c. Other types of positionalregistration or alignment features may be incorporated by a mountingplate. One representative embodiment is illustrated in FIGS. 10A-B inthe form of a mounting plate 110″. Generally, the mounting plate 110″may be used in place of the mounting plate 110′ discussed above.Although not shown, it should be appreciated that the mounting plate110″ may also utilize the grounding projections 172 and/or wiring clips178 (and their associated apertures 184).

The mounting plate 110″ of FIGS. 10A and 10B differs from the mountingplate 110′ of FIGS. 8A-F in a number of respects. One is the shape ofthe mounting plate 110′. Each of these mounting plates 110′, 110″ may beof any appropriate shape in relation to their respective outerperimeters (e.g., circular as in the case of the mounting plate 110;square as in the case of the mounting plate 110″; rectangular). Anotheris that the mounting plate 110″ utilizes at least two discrete PV modulepositional registrants 190. Each of the PV module positional registrants190 may be of any appropriate size, shape, and/or configuration. The PVmodule positional registrants 190 may be integrally formed with aremainder of the mounting plate 110″ as shown where they have beenstamped from the mounting plate 110″ (creating corresponding apertures192), or the PV module registrants 190 could be separately attached tothe mounting plate 110″. When the mounting plate 110″ is positioned inthe proper orientation on a mounting device 74, one of the PV modulepositional registrants 190 may be used to position one photovoltaicmodule on the mounting plate 110″ (e.g., by this first photovoltaicmodule butting up against this first PV module positional registrant190) such that it should be adequately engaged by the clamping member142, and furthermore such that the other or second photovoltaic moduleto be positioned on the mounting plate 110″ should also be adequatelyengaged by this same clamping member 142. In this regard, this secondphotovoltaic module may be positioned such that it butts up against theother or second of the PV module positional registrants 190 of themounting plate 110″.

As there are only two PV module positional registrants 190 in theillustrated embodiment of FIGS. 10A and 10B, the mounting plate 110″ mayneed to be in a certain angular position or orientation on the mountingdevice 74 such that they provide a positional registration or alignmentfunction for the two photovoltaic modules to be clamped by theassociated mounting assembly. An installer could be required to placethe mounting plate 110″ onto the mounting device 74 in the correctangular position or orientation. Another option is for the mountingplate 110″ to include one or more mounting device positional registrants194 that facilitate the positioning of the mounting plate 110″ onto theupper surface 78 of the mounting device 74 such that the PV modulepositional registrants 190 should be positioned to provide a positionalregistration or alignment function for the two photovoltaic modules tobe clamped by the associated mounting assembly. In the illustratedembodiment, the mounting plate 110″ includes a pair of mounting devicepositional registrants 194—a separate mounting device positionalregistrant 194 for each of the two opposite ends 94 of the mountingdevice 74 (e.g., one mounting device positional registrant 194 mayengage one end 94 of the mounting device 74, and another mounting devicepositional registrant 194 may engage the opposite end 94 of the mountingdevice 74). A pair of mounting device positional registrants could beutilized by the mounting plate 110″ and that engage the two oppositeside surfaces 82 of the mounting device 74 to place the mounting plate110″ in the correct angular position relative to the mounting device 74.Yet another option would be to have at least one mounting devicepositional registrant for the mounting plate 110″ that engages an end 94of the mounting device 74 and at least one mounting device positionalregistrant for the mounting plate 110″ that engages one of the sidesurfaces 82 of the mounting device 74. Any appropriate way ofpositionally registering the mounting plate 110″ relative to themounting device 74 may be utilized.

Standing seam panels 38 were addressed above. Other types of panels arecommercially available. Another example of a panel configuration iscommonly referred to as a trapezoidal rib panel (e.g., formed from anappropriate metal alloy). A representative trapezoidal rib panel isillustrated in FIG. 11 and is identified by reference numeral 202. Aplurality of these panels 202 may be assembled to define a buildingsurface or a trapezoidal rib panel surface 200 (e.g., a roof or roofingsurface). A given trapezoidal rib panel 202 may include one or moretrapezoidal ribs 204 with a base section 212 positioned on each sidethereof, and furthermore may include one or more minor ribs 214. A giventrapezoidal rib panel 202 may in fact not use any minor ribs 214. In anycase, an edge portion 216 of one trapezoidal rib panel 202 may be nestedwith an edge portion 216 of an adjacent trapezoidal rib panel 202 tocollectively define a trapezoidal rib 204 as well.

Each trapezoidal rib 204 may include an upper rib wall 206 in the formof a flat or planar surface. Each trapezoidal rib 204 may also include apair of sides 208 a, 208 b. The sides 208 a, 208 b are spaced from eachother and are disposed in non-parallel relation. Typically the sides 208a, 208 b of a trapezoidal rib 204 will be the mirror image of each otherin relation to their respective orientations. In any case, the upper ribwall 206 and the two sides 208 a, 208 b collectively define a hollowinterior or open space 210 for the trapezoidal rib 204.

One embodiment of a mounting device that is adapted for use withtrapezoidal rib panels is illustrated in FIGS. 12A-D, and may be used toinstall various types of attachments on such trapezoidal rib panels. Themounting device shown in FIGS. 12A-D is in the form of a mountingbracket 220 that is of one-piece construction (e.g., no joint of anykind between any adjacent portions of the mounting bracket 220; themounting bracket 220 is not an assembly of two or more separately-formedand separately-joined portions). In one embodiment, the mounting bracket220 is in the form of extrusion to provide such a one-piececonstruction. The mounting bracket 220 may be formed from anyappropriate material or combination of materials (e.g., an aluminumalloy; other metal alloys).

The mounting bracket 220 includes an upper wall or mounting surface 224and a pair of side legs 228 a, 228 b that extend downwardly from theupper wall 224 when the mounting bracket 220 is installed on atrapezoidal rib 204. The upper wall 224 is the uppermost portion of themounting bracket 220 when positioned on a trapezoidal rib 204, extendsbetween a pair of open ends 222 of the mounting bracket 220, and is inthe form of a single flat surface (rectangular in the illustratedembodiment). In one embodiment, the upper wall 224 provides a flatsurface area, that is defined by a perimeter which in turn defines anarea of at least 2.5 inches², to provide an appropriate surface forsupporting attachments of any appropriate type (discussed below). Inthis regard, the upper wall 224 includes a mounting hole 226 thatextends completely through this upper wall 224. Although a singlemounting hole 226 is shown, multiple mounting holes could beincorporated by the upper wall 224 if required by a particularapplication or if otherwise desired.

A single mounting hole 226 is shown in the illustrated embodiment (e.g.,located equidistantly from the two ends 222, although such may not berequired in all instances). Multiple mounting holes could beincorporated by the upper wall 224 if required by a particularapplication or if otherwise desired. Each given mounting hole 226 may bethreaded or unthreaded. In the case of a threaded mounting hole 226, athreaded attachment fastener (e.g., a threaded stud or bolt) could haveits threads engaged with the threads of a particular mounting hole 226to secure at least one attachment relative to the mounting bracket 220.An attachment fastener could also extend through a particular mountinghole 226 without having any type of threaded engagement with themounting bracket 220, and a nut could be threaded onto an end of thisattachment fastener (this end being disposed within an open space 250 aof the mounting bracket 220, discussed below) to secure at least oneattachment relative to the mounting bracket 220.

Any appropriate configuration may be utilized by each mounting hole 226through the upper wall 224 of the mounting bracket 220. Representativeconfigurations for each mounting hole 226 include circular or round. Agiven mounting hole could also be in the form of an elongated slot 226′,as shown by dashed lines in FIG. 12C.

The bracket side legs 228 a, 228 b are spaced from one another, and willtypically be the mirror image of each other with regard to theirrespective orientations (e.g., an included angle between the undersideof the upper wall 224 and the inside surface 230 each of the side legs228, 228 b being greater than 90° as shown). The bracket side leg 228 ais positioned along an upper portion of the side 208 a of a trapezoidalrib 204 (FIG. 12D), while the opposite bracket side leg 228 b ispositioned along an upper portion of the opposite side 208 b of thissame trapezoidal rib 204 (FIG. 12D). The bracket side legs 228 a, 228 bmay be disposed in overlying relation with respect to any relevantportion of the corresponding side 208 a, 208 b of the trapezoidal rib204. It should be appreciated that the bracket side legs 228 a, 228 bwill typically be disposed in at least generally parallel relation totheir corresponding side 208 a, 208 of the trapezoidal rib 204.

At least part of the bracket side leg 228 a may engage the side 208 a ofthe trapezoidal rib 204, while at least part of the bracket side leg 228b may engage the side 208 b of the trapezoidal rib 204. In theillustrated embodiment, each of the bracket side legs 228 a, 228 bincludes an inner surface 230 that faces or projects toward thecorresponding side 208 a, 208 b of the trapezoidal rib 204. In theillustrated embodiment, there may be two discrete zones of contactbetween each bracket side leg 228 a, 228 b and its corresponding side208 a, 208 b of the trapezoidal rib 204. In this regard, each innersurface 230 includes a pair of rails, projections, or dimples 234 thatmay extend between the two open ends 222 of the mounting bracket 220. Ifthe spacing between the two open ends 222 is characterized as the lengthdimension for the mounting bracket 220, each projection 234 may beextend along at least part of the length of the mounting bracket 220.

Each projection 234 may provide a discrete zone of contact (e.g.,extending along a line or axial path) between the corresponding bracketside leg 228 a, 228 b and its corresponding side 208 a, 208 b of thetrapezoidal rib 204. Generally, the use of the projections 234 reducesthe area of contact between the mounting bracket 220 and the trapezoidalrib 204, which should reduce the potential for capillary entrapment(e.g., should reduce the potential of water “wicking” into interfacingsurfaces of the mounting bracket 220 and trapezoidal rib 204, whichcould lead to the development of corrosion and premature failure of thebuilding surface 200).

A gasket pocket or receptacle 232 is defined between the projections 234on the inner surface 230 of each of the bracket side legs 228 a, 228 b.At least one fastener hole 236 extends through each of the bracket sidelegs 228 a, 228 b and intersects the corresponding gasket pocket 232. Inthe illustrated embodiment, there are two fastener holes 236 that arealigned with the gasket pocket 232 for each of the bracket side legs 228a, 228 b. A gasket 233 of any appropriate type (e.g., an EPDM gasket) isdisposed within each of the gasket pockets 232. The projections 234 onthe inner surface 230 of the bracket side leg 228 a confine thecorresponding gasket 233 therebetween. Similarly, the projections 234 onthe inner surface 230 of the bracket side leg 228 b confine thecorresponding gasket 233 therebetween.

In one embodiment, each gasket 233 is thicker than the depth of itscorresponding gasket pocket 232 prior to the mounting bracket 220 beingsecured to the trapezoidal rib 204. As such, the gaskets 233 may becompressed between the mounting bracket 220 and the trapezoidal rib 204as the mounting bracket 220 is secured to the trapezoidal rib 204. Theabove-described projections 234 may also provide the function ofreducing the potential of these gaskets 233 being “over compressed”while securing the mounting bracket 220 to a trapezoidal rib 204.

Each gasket 233 may be installed within its corresponding gasket pocket232 prior to installing the mounting bracket 220 on a trapezoidal rib204. Any appropriate way of maintaining a gasket 233 within itscorresponding gasket pocket 232 may be utilized (e.g., by being pressfit within the corresponding gasket pocket 232; adhering a gasket 233 tothe inner surface 230 of its corresponding gasket pocket 232). When themounting bracket 220 is secured to the trapezoidal rib 204, the gasket233 may compress to bring the above-noted projections 234 into contactwith the corresponding side 208 a, 208 b of the trapezoidal rib 204.However, the projections 234 should still at least substantially confinethe corresponding gasket 233 within its corresponding gasket pocket 232,and furthermore should reduce the potential for the gaskets 233 beingover-compressed during installation as noted.

The mounting bracket 220 further includes a pair of rib offsettingmembers 246 a, 246 b that are disposed within a hollow interior 248 ofthe mounting bracket 220 (e.g., the partially enclosed spacecollectively defined by the upper wall 224 and the pair of bracket sidelegs 228 a, 228 b). Each rib offsetting member 246 a, 246 b is disposedin spaced relation to the upper wall 224 of the mounting bracket 220.One rib offsetting member 246 a extends from the bracket side leg 228 atoward, but not to, the opposite bracket side leg 228 b. The other riboffsetting member 246 b extends from the bracket side leg 228 b toward,but not to, the opposite bracket side leg 228 a.

The underside of each rib offsetting member 246 a, 246 b is positionedon the upper rib wall 206 of the trapezoidal rib 204 to dispose theupper wall 224 of the mounting bracket 220 above and in spaced relationto the upper rib wall 206 of the trapezoidal rib 204 (FIG. 12D). Thehollow interior 248 of the mounting bracket 220 may be characterized asincluding a first open space 250 a that is positioned above the riboffsetting members 246 a, 246 b (and below the upper wall 224 of thebracket 220), a second open space 250 b between the opposing free endsof the rib offsetting members 246 a, 246 b, and a third open space orrib receptacle 242 that is positioned below the rib offsetting members246 a, 246 b. That is, the two rib offsetting members 246 a, 246 b, andeach of the bracket side legs 228 a, 228 b may be characterized ascollectively defining the rib receptacle 242 (e.g., by defining theportion of the hollow interior 248 of the mounting bracket 220 in whicha trapezoidal rib 204 may be disposed). At least an upper portion of atrapezoidal rib 204 may be disposed within the rib receptacle 242 of themounting bracket 220 when the mounting bracket 220 is installed on sucha trapezoidal rib 204 (e.g., FIG. 12D).

At least one fastener extends through the bracket side leg 228 a (twobeing accommodated in the illustrated embodiment), through the gasket233 in its corresponding gasket pocket 232, and terminates within thehollow interior 210 of the trapezoidal rib 204 when securing themounting bracket 220 to a trapezoidal rib 204 (e.g., FIG. 12D). In theembodiment shown in FIG. 12D, the illustrated fastener for the bracketside leg 228 a is in the form of a rivet 244 a. At least one fasteneralso extends through the bracket side leg 228 b (two being accommodatedin the illustrated embodiment), through the gasket 233 in itscorresponding gasket pocket 232, and also terminates within the hollowinterior 210 of the trapezoidal rib 204 when securing the mountingbracket 220 to a trapezoidal rib 204 (e.g., FIG. 12D). In the embodimentshown in FIG. 12D, the illustrated fastener for the bracket side leg 228b is in the form of a sheet metal screw 244 b. Any appropriatetype/number of fasteners may be used to separately secure each bracketside leg 228 a, 228 b to the trapezoidal rib 204. As the upper wall 224of the mounting bracket 220 is used as a supporting surface, nofasteners extend through the upper wall 224 of the mounting bracket 220and through any portion of the trapezoidal rib 204. Moreover, allfasteners that are used to secure the mounting bracket 220 to thetrapezoidal rib 204 terminate within the hollow interior 210 of thetrapezoidal rib 204 (e.g., no fastener extends through the mountingbracket 220, through the trapezoidal rib panel 202, and into anyunderlying deck or supporting structure).

Various types of attachments may be installed on a building surfacedefined by trapezoidal rib panels 202 using the above-described mountingbracket 220. One example is shown in FIG. 13, where a pair of fasteners244 have been used to secure the bracket side leg 228 a to the side 208a of the trapezoidal rib 204 in the above-noted manner, and where thebracket side leg 228 b would be similarly secured to the side 208 b ofthe trapezoidal rib 204. Here, the mounting assembly 70 a (discussedabove, and illustrated in FIG. 7A—the associated photovoltaic modules 58not being shown in FIG. 13 for clarity) is installed on the mountingbracket 220 (i.e., the mounting bracket 220 may be used in place of themounting device 74 for trapezoidal rib panel configurations and for theabove-noted photovoltaic module applications, and in conjunction witheach of the above-discussed mounting assemblies (e.g., mounting 70a-c)). The threaded stud 114 of the mounting assembly 70 a is engagedwith the mounting hole 226 (threaded in this example) on the upper wall224 of the mounting bracket 220. The second stud end 122 is disposedwithin the hollow interior 248 of the mounting bracket 220 (e.g., thefirst open space 250 a, and so as to not contact any structure of themounting bracket 220). The mounting assemblies 70 b, 70 c discussedabove may be similarly mounted to the mounting bracket 220 and at leastgenerally in the above-discussed manner. It should be appreciated thatthe clamping member 142 may be rotated 90° from the position illustratedin FIG. 13 to accommodate installation of one or more photovoltaicmodules 58 in the above-described manner.

The mounting assemblies 70 a-c addressed above each may be characterizedas an “attachment” when secured to the mounting bracket 220 in theabove-noted manner (e.g., a mounting bracket 220 secured to atrapezoidal rib 202, and having an attachment that is secured relativeto the mounting bracket 220, may be collectively characterized as an“attachment assembly 250”, with such a representative attachmentassembly 250 being shown in FIG. 13). Any photovoltaic module 58 that isengaged by any such mounting assembly 70 a-c (when installed on amounting bracket 220) may also be characterized as an attachment” thatis secured relative to the mounting bracket 220 using an attachmentfastener (e.g., threaded stud 114) that at least extends into a mountinghole 226 on the upper wall 224 of the mounting bracket 220, andcollectively may be referred to as an “attachment assembly” as well.

A variation of the mounting bracket 220 of FIGS. 12A-D is presented inFIG. 14. Corresponding components of these two embodiments areidentified by the same reference numerals, and the discussion presentedabove remains applicable unless otherwise noted. Those correspondingcomponents that differ in at least some respect are identified by a“single prime” designation. In the case of the mounting bracket 220′ ofFIG. 14, the two rib offsetting members 246 a, 246 b of the mountingbracket 220 of FIGS. 12A-D are replaced by a single rib offsettingmember in the form of a cross member 238. This cross member 238 isdisposed within the hollow interior 248′ of the mounting bracket 220′(e.g., in the partially enclosed space collectively defined by the upperwall 224 and the pair of bracket legs 228 a, 228 b). This cross member238 extends between the inner surfaces 230 of the two bracket side legs228 a, 228 b. The cross member 238 is seated on the upper rib wall 206of the trapezoidal rib 204 when the mounting bracket 220 is positionedon the trapezoidal rib 204. Although the entire underside of the crossmember 238 could interface with the upper rib wall 206 of the rib 204, acentral portion thereof may “bulge” away from the upper rib wall 206 ofthe rib 204 to address capillary entrapment.

The cross member 238 is disposed in spaced relation to the upper wall224 of the mounting bracket 220′. An upper cavity or open space 240(part of the hollow interior 248′ of the mounting bracket 220′) existsbetween the cross member 238 and the upper wall 224, and accommodatesreceipt of an attachment fastener that may extend through a mountinghole 226 to secure an attachment in position relative to the mountingbracket 220. In one embodiment, the upper wall 224 and the cross member238 are separated by a distance of at least about ½ inch (e.g., theminimum vertical extent of the upper cavity 240 below the mounting hole226 is about ½ inch (“vertical” being the dimension that is orthogonalto the upper wall 224)).

The cross member 238 and each of the bracket side legs 228 a, 228 b alsocollectively define a rib receptacle 242′ (also part of the hollowinterior 248′ of the mounting bracket 220′). At least an upper portionof a trapezoidal rib 204 may be disposed within the rib receptacle 242′of the mounting bracket 220′ when the mounting bracket 220′ is installedon such a trapezoidal rib 204. The underside of at least part of thecross member 238 would be positioned on the upper rib wall 206 of thetrapezoidal rib 204 to dispose the upper wall 224 of the mountingbracket 220′ above and in spaced relation to the upper rib wall 206 ofthe trapezoidal rib 204. In the illustrated embodiment the portions ofthe cross member 238 that are adjacent to the bracket side legs 228 a,228 b would be seated on the upper rib wall 206 of the trapezoidal rib204, while the central portion of the cross member 238 would be spacedfrom the upper rib wall 206 of the trapezoidal rib 204, again to addresscapillary entrapment.

The mounting brackets 220, 220′ provide a number of advantages forinstalling an attachment on a trapezoidal rib panel surface. Initially,photovoltaic modules may be installed on a trapezoidal rib panel surfacewith or without rails using the mounting brackets 220/220′. The mountingbrackets 220/220′ alleviate the need for any fastener to extend to anyunderlying deck or any other substrate (e.g., purlins) for thetrapezoidal rib panel surface when securing the mounting brackets220/220′ to a trapezoidal rib on such a trapezoidal rib panel surface.This provides significant flexibility when installing PV modules on atrapezoidal rib panel surface.

Multiple mounting brackets 220/220′ may be used to support aphotovoltaic module above a trapezoidal rib panel surface without havingthese mounting brackets 220/220′ directly anchored to an underlyingsubstrate or support deck for the trapezoidal rib panel surface. A totalof at least four of the mounting brackets 220/220′ may be used tosupport a given photovoltaic module (two brackets 220/220′ spaced alonga first trapezoidal rib, and two brackets 220/220′ spaced along a secondtrapezoidal rib that is appropriately spaced from the first trapezoidalrib). Where a photovoltaic module is characterized as having four edgeportions (e.g., of a square or rectangular configuration), at least twomounting brackets 220/220′ may support one edge portion of a givenphotovoltaic module, and at least two mounting brackets 220/220′ maysupport an oppositely disposed edge portion of the same photovoltaicmodule. This allows the sheeting of the trapezoidal rib panel surface toitself support the photovoltaic modules (versus having to “anchor”supporting structures for the photovoltaic modules to the underlyingdeck or substrate for the trapezoidal rib panel surface).

FIGS. 15A and 15B illustrate another embodiment of a trapezoidal ribmounting bracket and that is identified by reference numeral 320, andwhich is a variation of the embodiments addressed above in relation toFIGS. 12A-12D and FIG. 14 (the discussion of corresponding featuresremaining applicable). The mounting bracket 320 includes a pair of openbracket ends 322 (only one being shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B) that arespaced along the length dimension of the mounting bracket 320, wherethis length dimension for the mounting bracket 320 coincides with thelength or longitudinal extent of a trapezoidal rib on which the mountingbracket 320 may be positioned. Coordinates for discussing the mountingbracket 320 are shown in relation to FIGS. 15A and 15B. The lengthdimension of the mounting bracket 320 coincides with/is along the “z”axis (which would typically coincide with the pitch of a roofing surfacewhen the mounting bracket 320 is in an installed configuration), thewidth or lateral dimension for the mounting bracket 320 is along the “x”axis (which would typically coincide with a constant elevationproceeding across a pitched roofing surface when the mounting bracket320 is in an installed configuration), and the height dimension for themounting bracket 320 is along the “y” axis.

The mounting bracket 320 includes an upper section 330 and a lowersection 350. The upper section 330 may be characterized as including afirst section 332 and a second section 340 that is disposed below thefirst section 332 when the mounting bracket 320 is disposed in anupright position (the position shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B, for instancewhen the ends of its legs 352 a, 352 b are disposed on a horizontalsupporting surface or a horizontal reference plane). The second section340 also adjoins a lower end of the first section 332.

The first section 332 for the upper section 330 of the mounting bracket320 includes an upper wall 334 in the form of a flat or planar surface,and that defines an uppermost extreme for the mounting bracket 320 whendisposed in its upright position. This upper wall 334 may include amounting hole or aperture in accordance with the foregoing (e.g., FIGS.12A-12D and FIG. 14), for instance a hole or slot that has its largestdimension extending in the length dimension for the mounting bracket320. Such a mounting aperture may be used to secure an attachmentrelative to the mounting bracket 320 in accordance with the foregoing(e.g., FIGS. 12A-D and FIG. 14). In this regard, the first section 332for the upper section 330 may include a receptacle 338 (the spacedirectly below the underside of the upper wall 334). This receptacle 338may receive a nut that is threadably attached to an end portion of abolt (or other suitable threaded fastener) that may be used to secure anattachment relative to the mounting bracket 320 (with the shaft of thebolt extending through the upper wall 334).

The second section 340 for the upper section 330 includes a pair ofsidewalls 342 a, 342 b that are spaced from one another (in the lateralor “x” dimension) and that are disposed in parallel relation. The widthof the mounting bracket 320 at these sidewalls 342 a, 342 b is largerthan the width of the entirety of the first section 332 for the uppersection 330, with these widths being measured in the lateral or “x”dimension (e.g., the second section 340 for the upper section 330 is“bulged” in the lateral or “x” dimension (the left-to-right dimension inthe view of FIGS. 15A and 15B) compared to the first section 332 for theupper section 330). An open space 344 exists between the sidewalls 342a, 342 b of the upper section 330, and may be used to accommodate wiresor cables, for instance for a photovoltaic application of the typedescribed herein (e.g., the mounting bracket 320 may be used in place ofthe mounting bracket 220 shown in FIG. 13; one or more wires or cablesmay be directed through the open space 344 (along the length or “z”dimension of the mounting bracket 320) to accommodate electricalconnection of adjacent photovoltaic modules, in which case it may bereferred to as a wire management space 344). In one embodiment thevertical extent or height H (FIG. 16B) of this wire management space 344is at least about 0.75″ (measured in the height or “y” dimension) andincluding when the mounting bracket 320 is disposed in its uprightposition.

A pair of rib offsetting members 346 a, 346 b are disposed on alowermost end of the upper section 330, with each rib offsetting member346 a, 346 b extending from a lower end to its corresponding sidewall342 a, 342 b. The rib offsetting member 346 a extends toward, but notto, the rib offsetting member 346 b. Similarly, the rib offsettingmember 346 b extends toward, but not to, the rib offsetting member 346a. That is, a space 348 extends between the rib offsetting member 346 aand the rib offsetting member 346 b. The above-noted wire managementspace 344 extends from the rib offsetting members 346 a/346 b to theunderside of the receptacle 338. This (the wire management space 344)also disposes a photovoltaic module at a desired spacing relative to aroofing surface when the mounting bracket 320 is in an installedconfiguration.

The lower section 350 of the mounting bracket 320 is disposed below andadjoins a lower end of the above-described upper section 332 of themounting bracket 320. A pair of legs 352 a, 352 b define the entirety ofthis lower section 350 for the illustrated embodiment. The legs 352 a,352 b extend downwardly from the upper section 330 of the mountingbracket 320 in diverging relation to one another to define a ribreceptacle 360 for receipt of at least an upper portion of a trapezoidalrib (the rib receptacle 360 also extends between the two open bracketends 322 of the mounting bracket 320). Each leg 352 a, 352 b includes aninner surface 354, a pair of projections 356, and a gasket 358 at leastgenerally in accordance with the embodiment of FIGS. 12A-D. The leg 352a intersects the rib offsetting member 346 a at an intermediate locationthereof—the rib offsetting member 346 a proceeds past this intersectionand in the direction of the rib offsetting member 346 b (but not to therib offsetting member 346 b). Similarly, the leg 352 b intersects therib offsetting member 346 b at an intermediate location thereof—the riboffsetting member 346 b proceeds past this intersection and in thedirection of the rib offsetting member 346 a (but not to the riboffsetting member 346 a). An acute angle θ₁ (i.e., less than 90°; on theexterior of the mounting bracket 320) exists between the first leg 352 aand the portion of the rib offsetting member 346 a that extends from itsintersection with the first leg 352 a to its corresponding sidewall 342a in the illustrated embodiment. Similarly, an acute angle θ₂ (i.e.,less than 90°; on the exterior of the mounting bracket 320) existsbetween the second leg 352 b and the portion of the rib offsettingmember 346 b that extends from its intersection with the second leg 352b to its corresponding sidewall 342 b in the illustrated embodiment.Each rib offsetting member 346 a, 346 b is initially curved proceedingfrom its corresponding sidewall 342 a, 342 b in the illustratedembodiment.

Each of the legs 352 a, 352 b is flexibly deflectable relative to theupper section 330 to accommodate installation of the mounting bracket320 on different trapezoidal rib profiles, different sizes oftrapezoidal ribs, or both. This flexible deflection may be characterizedas an elastic deflection of the legs 352 a, 352 b. In any case, thefirst leg 352 a may be characterized as flexibly deflecting relative tothe upper section 330 at least generally about a reference axis 362 athat coincides with the intersection of the leg 352 a and the uppersection 330, while the second leg 352 b may be characterized as flexiblydeflecting relative to the upper section 330 at least generally about areference axis 362 b that coincides with the intersection of the leg 352b and the upper section 330. In one embodiment, these reference axes 362a, 362 b are disposed at a common elevation when the mounting bracket320 is disposed in its upright position, and these reference axes 362 a,362 b extend in the “z” dimension for the mounting bracket 320. FIGS.15A and 15B show what may be referred to as a static position for themounting bracket 320, as a position of the legs 352 a and 352 b in theabsence of an external force being applied to the legs 352 a, 352 b, asan unbiased position for the legs 352 a, 352 b, as a neutral positionfor the legs 352 a, 352 b, or the like. For instance, such a firstposition for the first leg 352 a may be the position that the first leg352 a will attempt to move back toward after a deflecting force has beenremoved from the first leg 352 a, while such a second position for thesecond leg 352 b may be the position that the second leg 352 b willattempt to move back toward after a deflecting force has been removedfrom the second leg 352 b. From the first position for the first leg 352a shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B: 1) the first leg 352 a may deflect atleast 2° away from the second leg 352 b; 2) the first leg 352 a maydeflect at least 2° toward the second leg 352 b; 3) the first leg 352 amay deflect up to about 5° away from the second leg 352 b; and 4) thefirst leg 352 a may deflect up to about 5° toward the second leg 352 b.From the second position for the second leg 352 b shown in FIGS. 15A and15B: 1) the second leg 352 b may deflect at least 2° away from the firstleg 352 a; 2) the second leg 352 b may deflect at least 2° toward thefirst leg 352 a; 3) the second leg 352 b may deflect up to about 5° awayfrom the first leg 352 a; and 4) the second leg 352 b may deflect up toabout 5° toward the first leg 352 a.

A reference plane 364 a extends through the intersection between thefirst leg 352 a and the rib offsetting member 346 a, is verticallyoriented when the mounting bracket 320 is disposed in an uprightposition on a horizontal supporting surface, and includes the lengthdimension for the mounting bracket 320 (e.g., only an edge of thereference plane 364 a is visible in an end view of the mounting bracket320 shown in FIG. 15B). A reference plane 364 b extends through theintersection between the second leg 352 b and the rib offsetting member346 b, is vertically oriented when the mounting bracket 320 is disposedin an upright position on a horizontal supporting surface, and includesthe length dimension for the mounting bracket 320 (e.g., only an edge ofthe reference plane 364 b is visible in an end view of the mountingbracket 320 shown in FIG. 15B). As such, the reference planes 364 a, 364b are parallel to one another. An acute angle 366 a (i.e., less than90°) exists between the first leg 352 a and its corresponding referenceplane 364 a. Similarly, an acute angle 366 b (i.e., less than 90°)exists between the second leg 352 b and its corresponding referenceplane 364 b. The reference planes 364 a and 364 b each may becharacterized as occupying both the “y” and “z” dimensions for themounting bracket 320, while being orthogonal to the “x” dimension forthe mounting bracket 320.

As noted, the first leg 352 a and the second leg 352 b extend away fromthe upper section 330 of the mounting bracket 320 in diverging relationrelative to one another. That is, the spacing between the first leg 352a and the second leg 352 b progressively increases proceeding away fromthe upper section 330. A reference plane 368 that is parallel to thenoted reference planes 364 a, 364 b is shown in FIG. 15B. As such, thereference plane 368 may be characterized as occupying both the “y” and“z” dimensions for the mounting bracket 320, while being orthogonal tothe “x” dimension for the mounting bracket 320. Moreover, only an edgeof the reference plane 368 is visible in an end view of the mountingbracket 320 shown in FIG. 15B.

The reference plane 368 may bisect the mounting bracket 320 in thelateral or “x” dimension (the left-to-right dimension shown in FIGS. 15Aand 15B), but in any case is located somewhere between the first leg 352a and the second leg 352 b (i.e., the first leg 352 a and second leg 352b are disposed on opposite sides of the reference plane 368). Moreover,the reference plane 368 extends between the two open bracket ends 322 ofthe mounting bracket 320 (e.g., such that the reference plane 368coincides with/contains the length dimension for the mounting bracket320; such that the reference plane 368 is oriented so as to contain thepitch of a roofing surface when the mounting bracket 320 is in aninstalled configuration). The first leg 352 a extends away from theupper section 330 in diverging relation to this reference plane 368(e.g., as the spacing of the first leg 352 a from the upper section 330increases, so too does the spacing between the first leg 352 a and thereference plane 368). The second leg 352 b extends away from the uppersection 330 in diverging relation to this reference plane 368 (e.g., asthe spacing of the second leg 352 b from the upper section 330increases, so too does the spacing between the second leg 352 b and thereference plane 368). The first leg 352 a and the second leg 352 b maybe characterized as being oriented as the mirror image of one another.

A notch 361 a is disposed on one side of the exterior of the mountingbracket 320 (e.g., an exterior notch 361 a), while a notch 361 b isdisposed on the opposite side of the exterior of the mounting bracket320 (e.g., an exterior notch 361 b). The notches 316 a, 361 b are atleast generally V-shaped. That is the notches 361 a, 361 b are spacedfrom one another in the lateral or “x” dimension for the mountingbracket 320. The notches 316 a, 361 b are at least generally V-shaped.The notches 361 a, 361 b each open, face, or project away from thereference plane 368—the notch 361 a opens, faces, or projects awayrelative to one side of the reference plane 368 while the notch 361 bopens, faces, or projects away relative to the opposite side of thereference plane 368. The notches 361 a, 361 b may also be characterizedas opening, facing, or projecting away from one another, may becharacterized as being disposed opposite of one another (e.g., disposedat a common elevation when the mounting bracket 320 is disposed in anupright position on a horizontal supporting surface), or both.

The notch 361 a has a closed notch end and an open notch end, with apair of walls extending from its closed notch end to its open notch end(e.g., to coincide with the depth of the notch 361 a). Vector 363 arepresents the orientation of one of these walls (a portion of the riboffsetting member 346 a that defines the notch 361 a and that extendsoutwardly to its corresponding sidewall 342 a) and proceeding from theclosed notch end of the notch 361 a to its open notch end, while vector363 b represents the orientation of the other of these walls (an upperportion of the leg 352 a extending from the intersection with the riboffsetting member 346 a in the illustrated embodiment) and proceedingfrom the closed notch end of the notch 361 a to its notch open end. Thenotch 361 b similarly has a closed notch end and an open notch end, witha pair of walls extending from its closed notch end to its open notchend (e.g., to coincide with the depth of the notch 361 b). Vector 365 arepresents the orientation of one of these walls (a portion of the riboffsetting member 346 b that defines the notch 361 b and that extendsoutwardly to its corresponding sidewall 342 b) and proceeding from theclosed notch end of the notch 361 b to its open notch end, while vector365 b represents the orientation of the other of these walls (an upperportion of the leg 352 b extending from the intersection with the riboffsetting member 346 b in the illustrated embodiment) and proceedingfrom the closed notch end of the notch 361 b to its open notch end. Thevectors 363 a and 363 b (associated with notch 361 a) both extend awayrelative to a common first side of the reference plane 368, while thevectors 365 a and 365 b (associated with notch 361 b) both extend awayrelative to a common second side of the reference plane 368, where thefirst and second sides of the reference plane 368 are opposite of oneanother.

As noted, the flexible deflectability of the first leg 352 a and thesecond leg 352 b allows the mounting bracket 320 to be installed ondifferent trapezoidal rib profiles and/or sizes, and that is illustratedby a comparison of FIGS. 15C and 15D. FIG. 15C may be referred to as anattachment assembly 370 that uses the above-noted mounting bracket 320on one trapezoidal rib profile. In this regard, a metal panel 372includes one or more trapezoidal ribs 374, with a base section 382 beingdisposed on at least one and typically on each side of the trapezoidalrib 374. The trapezoidal rib 374 includes an upper rib wall 376 (a flatsurface) and a pair of sides or sidewalls 378 a, 378 b that define ahollow interior 380. The sidewalls 378 a, 378 b extend from the upperrib wall 376 in diverging relation to one another. The sidewalls 378 a,378 b are oriented as the mirror image of one another.

Positioning the mounting bracket 320 on the trapezoidal rib 374 of FIG.15C requires that the first leg 352 a be flexibly deflected at leastgenerally away from the second leg 352 b (at least generally representedby arrow A in FIG. 15C), and that the second leg 352 b be flexiblydeflected at least generally away from the first leg 352 a (at leastgenerally represented by arrow B in FIG. 15C). Such a flexure may becharacterized as “expanding” the lower section 350 of the mountingbracket 320. In any case, the noted flexing may be realized by exertingthe noted force (in the direction of the underlying trapezoidal rib 374)on the upper wall 334 of the mounting bracket 320. Note that at leastpart of each of the rib offsetting members 346 a, 346 b (e.g., theportions that are contained within a common reference plane) willtypically be positioned on the upper rib wall 376 of the trapezoidal rib374 (although a small space could exist at this time). FIG. 15E showsthat at least one panel fastener 384 (e.g. a threaded screw) may bedirected through both the first leg 352 a and the first sidewall 378 aof the trapezoidal rib 374 to secure the first leg 352 a to thetrapezoidal rib 374, and that each such panel fastener 384 terminateswithin the hollow interior 380 of the trapezoidal rib 374. FIG. 15Efurther shows that at least one panel fastener 384 may be directedthrough both the second leg 352 b and the second sidewall 378 b of thetrapezoidal rib 374 to secure the second leg 352 b to the trapezoidalrib 374, and that each such panel fastener 384 terminates within thehollow interior 380 of the trapezoidal rib 374. Note that at least wheneach of the legs 352 a, 352 b have been individually secured to thetrapezoidal rib 374 by one or more panel fasteners 384, the orientationof the first leg 352 a will at least substantially match the orientationof the first sidewall 378 a of the trapezoidal rib 374, and that theorientation of the second leg 352 b will at least substantially matchthe orientation of the second sidewall 378 b of the trapezoidal rib 374.It may be necessary to continue to exert the noted force on the upperwall 334 of the mounting bracket 320 (e.g., “pushing down” on themounting bracket 320) until at least one panel fastener 384 has beendirected through each of the first leg 352 a and the second leg 352 band into the trapezoidal rib 374 in the noted manner.

FIG. 15D may be referred to as an attachment assembly 370′ that uses theabove-noted mounting bracket 320 on a different trapezoidal rib profile(e.g., compared to FIG. 15C). In this regard, a metal panel 372′includes one or more trapezoidal ribs 374′, with a base section 382being disposed on at least one and typically on each side of thetrapezoidal rib 374′. The trapezoidal rib 374′ includes an upper ribwall 376′ (a curved surface) and a pair of sides or sidewalls 378 a′,378 b′ that define a hollow interior 380′. The sidewalls 378 a′, 378 b′extend from the upper rib wall 376′ in diverging relation to oneanother. The sidewalls 378 a′, 378 b′ are oriented as the mirror imageof one another.

Positioning the mounting bracket 320 on the trapezoidal rib 374′ of FIG.15D requires that the first leg 352 a be flexibly deflected at leastgenerally toward the second leg 352 b (at least generally represented byarrow A in FIG. 15D), and that the second leg 352 b be flexiblydeflected at least away generally toward the first leg 352 a (at leastgenerally represented by arrow B in FIG. 15D). Such a flexure may becharacterized as “contracting” the lower section 350 of the mountingbracket 320. Although each of the rib offsetting members 346 a, 346 bare illustrated as being slightly spaced from the upper rib wall 376′ ofthe trapezoidal rib 374′ in FIG. 15D, at least part of the riboffsetting members 346 a, 346 b (e.g., the portions that are containedwithin a reference plane) will typically be positioned on the upper ribwall 376′. FIG. 15F shows that at least one panel fastener 384 may bedirected through both the first leg 352 a and the first sidewall 378 a′of the trapezoidal rib 374′ to secure the first leg 352 a to thetrapezoidal rib 374′, and that each such panel fastener 384 terminateswithin the hollow interior 380′ of the trapezoidal rib 374′. FIG. 15Ffurther shows that at least one panel fastener 384 may be directedthrough both the second leg 352 b and the second sidewall 378 b′ of thetrapezoidal rib 374′ to secure the second leg 352 b to the trapezoidalrib 374′, and that each such panel fastener 384 terminates within thehollow interior 380 of the trapezoidal rib 374′. Note that at least wheneach of the legs 352 a, 352 b have been individually secured to thetrapezoidal rib 374′ by one or more panel fasteners 384, the orientationof the first leg 352 a will at least substantially match the orientationof the first sidewall 378 a′ of the trapezoidal rib 374′, and that theorientation of the second leg 352 b will at least substantially matchthe orientation of the second sidewall 378 b′ of the trapezoidal rib374′. Although the flexure directions represented by the arrows A and Bin FIG. 15D will ultimately be required to dispose the mounting bracket320 in the configuration shown in FIG. 15D, there are a number ofoptions for applying the noted forces to the first leg 352 a and thesecond leg 352 b to achieve this flexing.

A first option would be to exert separate forces on the first leg 352 aand the second leg 352 b to cause the associated flexing until at leastone panel fastener 384 has been directed through each of the first leg352 a and the second leg 352 b and into the trapezoidal rib 374′ in thenoted manner. A second option would be to attach the first leg 352 a tothe trapezoidal rib 374′ in the noted manner (i.e., using at least onepanel fastener 384) but without flexing the first leg 352 a and to thenapply a force to the second leg 352 b such that the same may be attachedto the trapezoidal rib 374′ in the noted manner (i.e., using at leastone panel fastener 384), or vice versa. It should be appreciated thatalthough one of the legs 352 a, 352 b may not be flexed for purposes ofattaching the same to the trapezoidal rib 374′ using at least one panelfastener 384 in the noted manner, a force will be exerted on thisattached leg 352 a, 352 b (and the attached leg 352 a, 352 b will flexin the noted manner) when a force is exerted on the other of the firstleg 352 a or second leg 352 b (and to flex the same in the noted manner)when positioning the same relative to the trapezoidal rib 374′ such thatit too may be attached to the trapezoidal rib 374′ using at least onepanel fastener 384 and in the noted manner.

In the case of the noted second option to realize the FIG. 15Finstallation, the first leg 352 a may be attached to the sidewall 378 a′of the trapezoidal rib 374′ using at least one panel fastener 384 andwithout flexing the first leg 352 a relative to the upper section 330. Aforce may be exerted on the mounting bracket 320 to “push” the secondleg 352 b toward the sidewall 378 b′ of the trapezoidal rib 374′ (whichcould move the mounting bracket 320 at least generally about thetrapezoidal rib 374′ in a clockwise direction in the view shown in FIG.15F). This will flex the second leg 352 b relative to the upper section330 and into position relative to the sidewall 378 b′ of the trapezoidalrib 374′ such that the second leg 352 b can then be secured theretousing at least one panel fastener 384. As the first leg 352 a is alreadyattached to the trapezoidal rib 374′, this “pushing” of the second leg352 b toward the sidewall 378 b′ of the trapezoidal rib 374′ in thenoted manner will also exert a force on the first leg 352 a that willflex the same relative to the upper section 330 of the bracket 320.

In the case of the noted second option to realize the FIG. 15Finstallation, the second leg 352 b may be attached to the sidewall 378b′ of the trapezoidal rib 374′ using at least one panel fastener 384 andwithout flexing the second leg 352 b relative to the upper section 330.A force may be exerted on the mounting bracket 320 to “push” the firstleg 352 a toward the sidewall 378 a′ of the trapezoidal rib 374′ (whichcould move the mounting bracket 320 at least generally about thetrapezoidal rib 374′ in a counterclockwise direction in the view shownin FIG. 15F). This will flex the first leg 352 a relative to the uppersection 330 and into position relative to the sidewall 378 a′ of thetrapezoidal rib 374′ such that the first leg 352 a can be securedthereto using at least one panel fastener 384. As the second leg 352 bis already attached to the trapezoidal rib 374′, this “pushing” of thefirst leg 352 a toward the sidewall 378 a′ of the trapezoidal rib 374′in the noted manner will also exert a force on the second leg 352 b thatwill flex the same relative to the upper section 330 of the bracket 320.

FIG. 16A shows the mounting bracket 320 of FIGS. 15A-F, and that may beused with a certain range of trapezoidal rib profiles/sizes. FIG. 16Bshow a similar mounting bracket 320′, but is configured to work with adifferent range of trapezoidal rib profiles/sizes. Note the differentorientation of the legs 352 a′, 352 b′ of the mounting bracket 320′ ofFIG. 16B, compared to the orientation of the legs 352 a, 352 b of themounting bracket 320 of FIG. 16A. The legs 352 a′, 352 b′ are “flatter”(mounting bracket 320′—FIG. 16B) compared to the legs 352 a, 352 b(mounting bracket 320—FIG. 16A).

FIG. 17A shows the mounting bracket 320 of FIG. 15A as incorporating amounting slot 336 of the above-noted type. FIG. 17A also shows themounting bracket 320 as incorporating a pair of holes 353 (un-threaded)in each of the legs 352 a, 352 b. A different panel fastener 384 may bedirected through each of these holes 353 to secure the mounting bracket320 relative to a panel on which the mounting bracket 320 is installedin the above-noted manner.

FIG. 17B presents a perspective view of a PV module mounting assembly390 that uses a clamping member 400, a mounting plate 410, and theabove-described mounting bracket 320. The mounting bracket 320 isinstalled on a panel 372′ of a profile of the type illustrated in FIGS.15D and 15F for the case of the PV module mounting assembly 390,although the PV module mounting assembly 390 may have course be usedwith other panel profiles on which the mounting bracket 320 may beinstalled. The mounting plate 410 is positioned on the upper wall 334 ofthe mounting bracket 320. The clamping member 400 presented in FIG. 17Bis in the form of an edge clamp for the case of the PV module mountingassembly 390, but as noted the above-described clamping member 142 couldalso be used in combination with the mounting bracket 320. The clampingmember 400 is described in more detail in U.S. Pat. No. 8,925,263, whichissued on Jan. 6, 2015, and the entire disclosure of which isincorporated by reference herein.

The clamping member 400 includes an upper bracket 402 and a lowerbracket 404 which may be adjusted relative to one another to accommodatePV modules of different thicknesses. A threaded clamping fastener 406extends through the upper bracket 402, through the lower bracket 404,and into the receptacle 338 of the mounting bracket 320. A nut 408 maybe threaded onto the shaft of the threaded clamping fastener 406 toengage an upper surface of the upper bracket 402. A nut may be disposedwithin the receptacle 338 of the mounting bracket 320 to threadablyengage an opposite end portion of the shaft of the threaded clampingfastener 406. Another option is for the threaded clamping fastener 406to be in the form of a bolt, where the bolt head may then be positionedwithin the receptacle 338 and where the nut 408 shown in FIG. 17B maythen be threaded onto its opposite end (that protrudes through the upperbracket 402). In any case, a PV module may be captured and clampedbetween a head 402 a of the upper bracket 402 and the mounting plate 410via the threaded clamping fastener 406. FIG. 17B also shows PV modulecables 420 that may directed through the wire management space 344 ofthe mounting bracket 320 in accordance with the foregoing.

The foregoing description of the present invention has been presentedfor purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, thedescription is not intended to limit the invention to the form disclosedherein. Consequently, variations and modifications commensurate with theabove teachings, and skill and knowledge of the relevant art, are withinthe scope of the present invention. The embodiments describedhereinabove are further intended to explain best modes known ofpracticing the invention and to enable others skilled in the art toutilize the invention in such, or other embodiments and with variousmodifications required by the particular application(s) or use(s) of thepresent invention. It is intended that the appended claims be construedto include alternative embodiments to the extent permitted by the priorart.

What is claimed is:
 1. An attachment assembly, comprising: a trapezoidalrib; and a mounting bracket positioned on the trapezoidal rib andcomprising: an upper section comprising an upper wall; a lower sectionadjoining and extending below the upper section, wherein the lowersection comprises first and second legs that each extend downwardly fromthe upper section in diverging relation to one another, wherein from afirst position the first leg is flexibly deflectable at least 2° awayfrom the second leg and at least 2° toward the second leg, and whereinfrom a second position the second leg is flexibly deflectable at least2° away from the first leg and at least 2° toward the first leg; a ribreceptacle; first and second open bracket ends that are spaced from oneanother along a length dimension of the mounting bracket, wherein therib receptacle extends between the first and second legs and alsoextends between the first and second open bracket ends, wherein thefirst leg of the mounting bracket is positioned alongside a first sideof the trapezoidal rib, the second leg of the mounting bracket ispositioned alongside a second side of the trapezoidal rib, and the upperwall of the mounting bracket is spaced from an upper rib wall of thetrapezoidal rib; and a first exterior notch on a first side of themounting bracket, and a second exterior notch on a second side of themounting bracket, wherein the first and second sides of the mountingbracket are opposite one another, and wherein the first and secondexterior notches are opposite of one another; at least one firstfastener that extends through the first leg of the mounting bracket,through the first side of the trapezoidal rib, and terminates in ahollow interior of the trapezoidal rib; and at least one second fastenerthat extends through the second leg of the mounting bracket, through thesecond side of the trapezoidal rib, and terminates in the hollowinterior of the trapezoidal rib.
 2. The attachment assembly of claim 1,wherein the first position for the mounting bracket is an unbiasedposition for the first leg and the second position for the mountingbracket is an unbiased position for the second leg.
 3. The attachmentassembly of claim 1, wherein from the first position the first leg ofthe mounting bracket is flexibly deflectable up to about 5° away fromthe second leg and up to about 5° toward the second leg, and whereinfrom the second position the second leg of the mounting bracket isflexibly deflectable up to about 5° away from the first leg and up toabout 5° toward the first leg.
 4. The attachment assembly of claim 1,wherein the first leg of the mounting bracket is flexibly deflectable atleast generally about a first reference axis that coincides with thelength dimension of the mounting bracket, and wherein the second leg ofthe mounting bracket is flexibly deflectable at least generally about asecond reference axis that is parallel to the first reference axis. 5.The attachment assembly of claim 1, wherein the upper section of themounting bracket comprises first and second sections, wherein the firstsection comprises the upper wall and is of a first width, wherein thesecond section is positioned below the first section when the mountingbracket is in an upright position on a horizontal supporting surface andcomprises a second width that is greater than the first width, andwherein a lower end of the second section comprises at least one riboffsetting member.
 6. The attachment assembly of claim 5, wherein thefirst section further comprises a receptacle disposed below the upperwall.
 7. The attachment assembly of claim 5, wherein the second sectionof the upper section comprises a pair of sidewalls that are spaced fromone another in parallel relation.
 8. The attachment assembly of claim 5,wherein the at least one rib offsetting member comprises first andsecond rib offsetting members that are spaced from one another, whereinthe first leg extends from the first rib offsetting member, and whereinthe second leg extends from the second rib offsetting member.
 9. Theattachment assembly of claim 8, wherein the first rib offsetting memberextends past an intersection with the first leg in the direction of thesecond rib offsetting member and terminates prior to reaching the secondrib offsetting member, wherein the second rib offsetting member extendspast an intersection with the second leg in the direction of the firstrib offsetting member and terminates prior to reaching the first riboffsetting member, and wherein an open space extends between the firstand second rib offsetting members.
 10. The attachment assembly of claim1, wherein the upper section of the mounting bracket further comprisesfirst and second sidewalls and at least one rib offsetting member,wherein the first and second sidewalls are located between the upperwall and the at least one rib offsetting member in a vertical dimensionwhen the mounting bracket is in an upright position on a horizontalsupporting surface, wherein the first and second sidewalls are disposedin parallel relation and are separated by a spacing that is greater thana width of the upper section, and wherein each of the first and secondlegs extend from the at least one rib offsetting member.
 11. Theattachment assembly of claim 1, wherein a first portion of a lower endof the upper section of the mounting bracket merges with the first legat a first location, wherein a second portion of the lower end of theupper section merges with the second leg at a second location, wherein afirst acute angle exists between the first leg and the first portion ofthe lower end of the upper section, the first notch comprising the firstacute angle, and wherein a second acute angle exists between the secondleg and the second portion of the lower end of the upper section, thesecond notch comprising the second acute angle.
 12. The attachmentassembly of claim 1, wherein the mounting bracket further comprises afirst rib offsetting member and a second rib offsetting member that areseparated by an open space.
 13. The attachment assembly of claim 1,wherein the upper wall of the mounting bracket defines an uppermostextreme of the mounting bracket when positioned on the trapezoidal rib,wherein an entirety of the upper wall is in the form of a single flatsurface that incorporates a mounting aperture, and wherein the singleflat surface has a perimeter that defines an area of at least 2.5 in.².14. The attachment assembly of claim 1, wherein the mounting bracketcomprises a wire management space that is open, and wherein a verticalextent of the wire management space is at least about 0.75″ when themounting bracket is disposed in an upright position on a horizontalsupporting surface.
 15. An attachment assembly, comprising: atrapezoidal rib comprising an upper rib wall; and a mounting bracketpositioned on the trapezoidal rib and comprising: an upper sectioncomprising an upper wall and a lower end that are oppositely disposed,wherein the lower end is in contact with or in proximity to the upperrib wall; a lower section adjoining and extending below the uppersection, wherein the lower section comprises first and second legs thateach extend downwardly from the lower end of the upper section indiverging relation to one another, wherein from a first position thefirst leg is flexibly deflectable at least 2° away from the second legand at least 2° toward the second leg, wherein from a second positionthe second leg is flexibly deflectable at least 2° away from the firstleg and at least 2° toward the first leg, wherein a first acute angle ona first exterior side of the mounting bracket is defined betweenintersecting portions of the first leg and the lower end of the uppersection, and wherein a second acute angle on a second exterior side ofthe mounting bracket is defined between intersecting portions of thesecond leg and the lower end of the upper section; a rib receptacle;first and second open bracket ends that are spaced from one anotheralong a length dimension of the mounting bracket, wherein the ribreceptacle extends between the first and second legs and also extendsbetween the first and second open bracket ends, wherein the first leg ofthe mounting bracket is positioned alongside a first side of thetrapezoidal rib, the second leg of the mounting bracket is positionedalongside a second side of the trapezoidal rib, and the upper wall ofthe mounting bracket is spaced from the upper rib wall of thetrapezoidal rib; at least one first fastener that extends through thefirst leg of the mounting bracket, through the first side of thetrapezoidal rib, and terminates in a hollow interior of the trapezoidalrib; and at least one second fastener that extends through the secondleg of the mounting bracket, through the second side of the trapezoidalrib, and terminates in the hollow interior of the trapezoidal rib. 16.The attachment assembly of claim 15, wherein the first position for themounting bracket is an unbiased position for the first leg and thesecond position for the mounting bracket is an unbiased position for thesecond leg.
 17. The attachment assembly of claim 15, wherein from thefirst position the first leg of the mounting bracket is flexiblydeflectable up to about 5° away from the second leg and up to about 5°toward the second leg, and wherein from the second position the secondleg of the mounting bracket is flexibly deflectable up to about 5° awayfrom the first leg and up to about 5° toward the first leg.
 18. Theattachment assembly of claim 15, wherein the first leg of the mountingbracket is flexibly deflectable at least generally about a firstreference axis that coincides with the length dimension of the mountingbracket, and wherein the second leg of the mounting bracket is flexiblydeflectable at least generally about a second reference axis that isparallel to the first reference axis.
 19. The attachment assembly ofclaim 15, wherein the upper section of the mounting bracket comprisesfirst and second sections, wherein the first section comprises the upperwall, wherein the second section is located between the first sectionand the lower section, wherein the second section comprises the lowerend, and wherein a maximum width of the second section is larger than amaximum width of the first section.
 20. The attachment assembly of claim19, wherein the first section further comprises a receptacle disposedbelow the upper wall.
 21. The attachment assembly of claim 19, whereinthe upper wall of the mounting bracket defines an uppermost extreme ofthe mounting bracket when positioned on the trapezoidal rib, wherein anentirety of the upper wall is in the form of a single flat surface thatincorporates a mounting aperture, and wherein the single flat surfacehas a perimeter that defines an area of at least 2.5 in.².
 22. Theattachment assembly of claim 19, wherein the second section furthercomprises first and second sidewalls, wherein the first and secondsidewalls are located between the upper wall and the lower end, andwherein the first and second sidewalls are disposed in parallel relationand are separated by a spacing that is greater than a width of anentirety of the upper section.
 23. The attachment assembly of claim 22,wherein the second section further comprises a wire management spacethat is open and that is located between the first and second sidewalls,wherein a vertical extent of the wire management space is at least about0.75″ and with the vertical extent being in a dimension that is parallelto the first and second sidewalls.
 24. The attachment assembly of claim19, wherein the lower end comprises first and second rib offsettingmembers that are spaced from one another, wherein the first leg extendsfrom the first rib offsetting member, and wherein the second leg extendsfrom the second rib offsetting member.
 25. The attachment assembly ofclaim 24, wherein the first rib offsetting member extends past anintersection with the first leg in the direction of the second riboffsetting member and terminates prior to reaching the second riboffsetting member, wherein the second rib offsetting member extends pastan intersection with the second leg in the direction of the first riboffsetting member and terminates prior to reaching the first riboffsetting member, and wherein an open space extends between the firstand second rib offsetting members.
 26. A mounting bracket, comprising:an upper section comprising an upper wall; a lower section adjoining andextending below the upper section, wherein the lower section comprisesfirst and second legs that each extend downwardly from the upper sectionin diverging relation to one another to define a rib receptacle, whereinfrom a first position the first leg is flexibly deflectable at least 2°away from the second leg and at least 2° toward the second leg, andwherein from a second position the second leg is flexibly deflectable atleast 2° away from the first leg and at least 2° toward the first leg;first and second open bracket ends that are spaced from one anotheralong a length dimension of the mounting bracket, wherein the ribreceptacle extends between the first and second legs and also extendsbetween the first and second open bracket ends; and a first exteriornotch on a first side of the mounting bracket, and a second exteriornotch on a second side of the mounting bracket, wherein the first andsecond sides of the mounting bracket are opposite one another, andwherein the first and second exterior notches are opposite one another.27. The mounting bracket of claim 26, further comprising: at least onefirst fastener extending perpendicularly through the first leg of themounting bracket; and at least one second fastener extendingperpendicularly through the second leg of the mounting bracket.
 28. Themounting bracket of claim 26, wherein the upper section furthercomprises a first sidewall connecting the first leg to the upper wall,and a second sidewall connecting the second leg to the upper wall. 29.The mounting bracket of claim 28, further comprising a first riboffsetting member extending from the first sidewall toward the secondsidewall, and a second rib offsetting member extending from the secondsidewall toward the first sidewall, wherein a free end of the first riboffsetting member is spaced from a free end of the second rib offsettingmember.
 30. The mounting bracket of claim 29, wherein the first legextends from the first rib offsetting member and the second leg extendsfrom the second rib offsetting member.
 31. The mounting bracket of claim29, wherein the upper wall, the first sidewall, the second sidewall, thefirst rib offsetting member, the second rib offsetting member, the firstleg, and the second leg are integrally formed.
 32. The mounting bracketof claim 26, wherein the upper wall comprises a mounting aperture.